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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (7)
  • Physical Chemistry  (3)
  • Multivariate  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (12)
  • 1985-1989  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensorial calibration: I. First-order calibration (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 247-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Calibration ; Tensor ; Multivariate ; PCR ; MLR ; PLS ; Regression ; Multidimensional arrays ; Order ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many analytical instruments now produce one-, two- or n-dimensional arrays of data that must be used for the analysis of samples. An integrated approach to linear calibration of such instruments is presented from a tensorial point of view. The data produced by these instruments are seen as the components of a first-, second- or nth-order tensor respectively. In this first paper, concepts of linear multivariate calibration are developed in the framework of first-order tensors, and it is shown that the problem of calibration is equivalent to finding the contravariant vector corresponding to the analyte being calibrated. A model of the subspace spanned by the variance in the calibration must be built to compute the contravarian vectors. It is shown that the only difference between methods such as least squares, principal components regression, latent root regression, ridge regression and partial least squres resides in the choice of the model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180020404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensorial calibration: II. Second-order calibration (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 265-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Calibration ; Tensor ; Multivariate ; Order ; Regression ; Generalized rank annihilation ; GRAM ; Multi order ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tensorial calibration provides a useful approach to calibration in general. For calibration of instruments that produce two-dimensional (second-order) arrays of data per sample, tensoial concepts are as natural a way of solving the calibration problem as vectorial concepts are for the multivariate problem. Similarly, for third- and higher-order data, the tensorial description of calibration is also useful. This paper introduces second-order calibration from a tensorial point of view. Univariate, multivariate and bilinear approaches to calibration are presented. The generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) is described from the tensorial perspective, and it is shown that GRAM is equivalent to finding a second-order tensorial base that spans both tensors (calibration and unknown) with respective diagonal component matrices. GRAM uses a single calibration sample for multicomponent analysis even in the presence of interference. Second-order bilinear calibration is extended to multiple calibration samples where the effect of collinearities is reduced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180020405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling active mass in aerobic sludge digestion (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1699-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge was carried out in lab-scale reactors for both batch and semicontinuous flow patterns. The reactors were monitored at three different temperatures: 10, 20, and 30°C. During the course of digestion, significant solubilization of volatile suspended solids was observed, and its effect on the magnitude of kinetic coefficients was examined. Differences in metabolic activity and sludge stabilization were found between batch and semicontinuous flow patterns. An Arrhenius-type relationship was not found to apply to rate constants for the semicontinuous reactors.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260281113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of some whey components on mass transfer in ultrafiltration (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ultrafiltration through Carbosep M4 mineral membrane of protein solutions of decreasing complexity (whey before and after centrifugation or clarification, β-lactoglobulin) was studied. Mathematical models were used to explain variations in flux with time. Taking into account variations in protein retention and hydraulic resistance of the membrane during ultrafiltration, proteins and lipoproteins were found to be involved not only in the polarization layer (reversible fouling leading to a difference in the osmotic pressure), but also in irreversible fouling by adsorption. Morever, the presence of particles (e.g., inorganic precipitates) in whey explains the build-up of a deposit over and within the membrane which contributes to the decline in flux after 1 h ultrafiltration. The relative importance of these phenomena was quantified.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the UASB reactor for the anaerobic treatment of stillage from sugar cane molasses (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1710-1716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of applying the UASB concept for the anaerobic treatment of stillage of distilleries in the sugar producing area of Argentina was subject to study. Results obtained in a 100-L UASB reactor treating stillages with COD values between 35 and 100 g COD/L are presented. Loading rates of up to 24 g COD/L/day were applied with an average COD removal of 75% and a biogas production of more than 9 L/L/day, with an average methane content of 58%. The settling velocity distribution of sludge particles would indicate a good formation of biomass pellets. System interruptions of months without feed and at ambient temperature (20-24°C) were well tolerated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260271212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of tyrosinase in AOT-isooctane reverse micelles (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Isooctane-AOT-H2O is a suitable system for studying enzyme behavior in organic solvents. Tyrosinase was able to catalyze a well-known reaction in aqueous medium: oxidation of 4-methylcatechol to yield 4-methyl-o-benzoquinone. This reaction was studied using the preceding ternary system with adequate amounts of each component to make up reverse micelles. 4-Methyl-o-benzoquinone stability was demonstrated in isooctane even at alkaline pH values. Apparent Km and Vmax were similar to those in water, but substrate inhibition was more evident. The pH and temperature appear to be shifted toward high and low values, respectively. Characteristic parameters of reverse micelles, ω0 (= H2O/AOT) and percentage of H2O (v/v), were investigated. The results obtained showed that the steady-state rate varies either with ω0 or with percentage of H2O. The variation observed with ω0 showed an optimal value while an increase in percentage of H2O can lead to decreased or increased activity depending on substrate concentration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the formation and hydrolysis of the schiff's base of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde with N-hexylamine in water-dioxan mixtures (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 21 (1989), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have carried out a kinetic study of the 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde plus n-hexylamine system, at 25°C, in water-dioxan mixtures (0-60% v/v) and in the pH range pKa + 1.5 〉 pH 〉 pKa - 1.5, where pKa is the pK value of the conjugate acid of the amine. The results obtained could be interpreted in terms of a rate constant for Schiff's base hydrolysis and a rate constant for the reaction between the nonprotonated n-hexylamine and the nonhydrated form of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. Both constants decrease sharply as the dioxan content of the solvent increases, in a manner consistent with Marshall's model [J. Phys. Chem., 74, 346 (1970)]. It is suggested that the transition state of the rate-limiting step (carbinolamine dehydration) is highly solvated by water molecules and has a high separation of charges.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550210105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycolysis and glutaminolysis in perifused ehrlich ascites tumour cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 7 (1989), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Glycolysis ; glutaminolysis ; tumour ; perifused cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A perifusion system was designed in order to study glucose and glutamine metabolism by freshly harvested Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in steady state conditions. Cells were perifused in the presence of 5 mM glucose, 0·5 mM glutamine or 5mM glucose and 0·5 mM glutamine. The results in steady state reveal that both substrates glucose and glutamine are continuously wasted by tumour cells, excreting two moles of lactate per mol of glucose and one mol of glutamate and ammonia per mol of glutamine consumed into the medium. Glutamine consumption in the presence of glucose was higher than with glutamine alone.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290070103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of N-bromoalcoholamines in aqueous solution (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 18 (1986), S. 1249-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The decomposition reactions of N-bromodiethanolamine, N-bromoethylethanolamine, and N-bromomethylethanolamine in aqueous solution have been studied kinetically under various experimental conditions. The results support a proposed reaction mechanism in which the rate controlling step is assumed to be the formation of an imine which is then hydrolyzed to the final decomposition products.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550181104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the chlorination of secondary amines by N-chlorosuccinimide (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 20 (1988), S. 397-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chlorinations of dimethylamine, diethylamine, methylethanolamine, ethylethanolamine and diethanolamine by N-chlorosuccinimide have been found to be equilibrium reactions of order one with respect to both N-chlorosuccinimide and amine in the forward direction and of order one with respect to succinimide and the resulting N-chloramine in the other. These results are explained by postulating a mechanism in which the rate controlling step consists in direct exchange of positive chlorine between the N-chlorosuccinimide and the amine.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550200506
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