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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (8)
  • Annual Reviews  (3)
  • American Society of Mechanical Engineers  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetofossils, the Magnetization of Sediments, and the Evolution of Magnetite Biomineralization (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 17 (1989), S. 169-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.17.050189.001125
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of phases of X-ray reflections from three-beam diffraction. I. Theoretical considerations (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 1065-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method of quantitative determination of X-ray reflection phases using three-beam multiple diffraction is described. This method is derived from the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. First-order approximation is employed to take care of the multi- beam diffraction situation. Polarization and excitation of wave fields and the Lorentz factor of crystal rotation are considered. For practical purposes, instrumental broadening and crystal mosaicity are included in calculating the diffraction intensity profiles. It is found that in the theoretical formulation the phase-dependent (dynamical) diffraction distribution can be separated from the phase-independent (kinematical) diffraction background. This makes possible the quantitative determination of reflection phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388008177
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental observation of the Borrmann pyramid – the Borrmann fan for four-beam transmission of X-rays (1986)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 42 (1986), S. 348-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The polyhedron which confines the Poynting vectors of N-beam transmissions in crystal space is referred to as the Borrmann pyramid. The observation of this Borrmann pyramid is realized from the diffraction images of the four-beam, (000)(220)(2\bar 20)(400), transmission case of silicon single crystals for Mo Kα. The directions of the Poynting vectors for the eight modes of wave propagation involved and the diffraction images are calculated. These calculations confirm the experimental observations. The variation of the direction of the Poynting vector for each mode is also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767386099130
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the enantiomorph from intensity measurements of three-beam Bragg-surface diffraction of X-rays (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 703-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An analytical expression for the intrinsic peak width of three-beam Bragg diffraction involving a surface reflection is derived on the basis of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. Utilization of this expression in peak intensity measurements is proved to lead to direct determination of the enantiomorph of the triplet structure-factor invariant involved in a three-beam Bragg-surface diffraction. Effects of polarization on the kinematical peak intensity and on the intrinsic peak width are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767389006008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of phases of X-ray reflection from three-beam diffraction. III. Experiments on mosaic crystals (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 870-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The method proposed by Chang & Tang [Acta Cryst. (1988), A44, 1065-1072] for quantitative determination of phases of X-ray reflection from three-beam diffraction profiles is applied to an organic crystal of (2R, 3 R)-3-acetoxy-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methylflavanone, with a mosaic spread of 0.08°. The expression for the kinematical diffraction intensities is modified according to the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction in the multibeam regime. Three-beam Umweganregung and Aufhellung diffraction profiles are analyzed. With the help of the modified intensity expression, the crystal symmetry imposed by the space group and the three-beam diffraction geometry, four acentric phases and fourteen centric phases of structure-factor triplets are determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767389009293
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase determination using high-order multiple diffraction of X-rays (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The effect of invariant phases on the intensity profiles of high-order N-beam X-ray diffractions, with N 〉 3, is investigated. Theoretically, the second-order Bethe approximation and the graphic analysis of the structure-factor multiplets involved in the dispersion equation of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction are employed to reveal the dominant invariant phases in the multiple diffraction processes. It is shown that the phases of the triplets or the quartets are the effective phases which affect the multiply diffracted intensities. Experimentally, the intensity profiles of four-, five-, six- and eight-beam cases provide clear evidence to support the theoretical considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767387008596
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantum approach to X-ray multiple diffraction (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 662-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Quantum theory is applied to X-ray multiple diffraction. Expressions for three-, four-, five- and general N-beam diffraction intensities are derived using the Green-function technique. The asymmetry effect on the diffraction intensity profiles resulting from the reflection phases is revealed in the derived expressions. A schematic representation of the Green function to simplify the multiple-beam intensity problem is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388003666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical considerations on two-beam and multi-beam grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction: nonabsorbing cases (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 823-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two-beam and symmetric three- and four-beam grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) by crystals without absorption are studied based on the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. For two-beam cases, a new geometrical scheme is given to reveal graphically the excitation of the dispersion surface. For symmetric three- and four-beam cases, the expressions for specularly reflected and forward diffracted intensities are derived analytically. Results from the numerical calculations for the diffracted intensities, the penetration depths, the coordinates of the dispersion surface and the mode excitations are also presented for two-, three- and four-beam GIXD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010876738900824X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of phases of X-ray reflections from three-beam diffraction. II. Experiments for perfect crystals (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 1073-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The method proposed by Chang & Tang [Acta Cryst. (1988). A44, 1065-1072] of quantitative determination of X-ray reflection phases from multiple diffraction profiles is applied to nearly perfect crystals of gallium arsenide. The detailed intensity-profile-analysis procedures are given. Multiple diffraction profiles obtained with a conventional X-ray source and synchrotron radiation are subjected to this analysis. It is found that, for this particular diffraction example, errors as small as 15° in phase determination are achieved. Errors due to the theoretical approximation, peak position measurement and scaling factor are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388008189
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  • 10
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    Thermodynamic Analysis of a Solar Zeolite Refrigeration System (1985)
    American Society of Mechanical Engineers
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-01
    Description: A solar zeolite-water absorption refrigeration unit was studied. Thermodynamic expressions were derived to predict the system performance. The operating range and optimum design parameters for the zeolite system were determined. The main parameters governing performance were: solar collector type, ambient temperature, and absorber properties. Results are shown for various solar collector types and various zeolite types. A desorption initiation temperature is shown to exist. The analysis is not based on empirical heat of absorption data, but rather on a zeolite properties relationship (log Pv versus 1/Tz) to determine system performance.
    Print ISSN: 0199-6231
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-8986
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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