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  • Springer  (387)
  • American Institute of Physics  (133)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • 1985-1989  (545)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of copper and zinc on two planktonic ciliates (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 92 (1986), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interactive effects of copper and zinc on two estuarine planktonic ciliates, Favella sp. and Balanion sp., were determined in seawater media in which the free metal ion activities were controlled by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) trace metal ion buffer systems. Cupric ion activities of 10-10 M caused abnormal motility in both ciliates in shortterm (5 h) tests, and cupric ion activities as low as 10-12.8 M decreased the growth rates of both species in longer-term experiments. In the short-term tests, zinc ion activity by itself did not affect the motility of the ciliates, but there were significant interactions between copper and zinc. In the longer-term experiments, the growth of Favella sp. was optimal at the lowest cupric ion activity (10-13 M) and the two lowest zinc ion activities (10-12 and 10-13 M) and the two lowest zinc ion activities (10-12 and 10-11 M), and copper and zinc inhibited growth at activities above these values. By contrast, optimal growth rate of Balanion sp. occurred at the highest zinc ion activity (10-10 M) and the lowest cupric ion activities (10-13 to 10-12 M) and growth rate was reduced at zinc ion activities ≦10-11 M. There was an antagonism between copper and zinc which was particularly pronounced in Balanion sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392741
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obligate mixotrophy inLaboea strobila, a ciliate which retains chloroplasts (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 99 (1988), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The planktonic ciliateLaboea strobila Lohmann sequesters photosynthetically functional chloroplasts derived from ingested algae. The chloroplasts lie free in the cytoplasm and are most abundant just under the pellicle of the ciliate. The maximum rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) was 925 pg C ciliate-1h-1 (3.7 pg C pg chl.a -1h-1). At saturating irradiance, the amount of carbon fixed h-1 equaled 12.6% of the body carbon of the ciliate. To grow,L. strobila requires both light and algal food. In the absence of food, survival ofL. strobila is significantly longer in the light than in the dark. Based on ingestion rate and photosynthetic rate, we calculate that photosynthesis can make an important contribution to this ciliate's carbon budget even when algal food is plentiful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02112135
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and depuration of organic contaminants by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to environmentally contaminated sediment (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 91 (1986), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were designed to expose blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) to contaminated sediment collected from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA in 1982. Measurements were taken to allow comparisons of the uptake and depuration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In addition, concentration factors in the mussels were calculated separately against the dissolved and particulate phase concentrations and the results from the exposure and control systems were compared. Both PAHs and PCBs were rapidly accumulated by the mussels exposed to the contaminated sediment. After the mussels were transferred to control seawater, individual PAHs were depurated with half-lives ranging from 12 to 30 d. Individual PCBs showed depuration half-lives which ranged from 16 to 46 d. Concentration factors in the mussels calculated against the particulate phase concentrations were very different in the exposure and control systems. Concentration factors calculated using only the dissolved phase concentrations (bioconcentration factors) showed excellent agreement in the two systems, possibly an indication that the dissolved phase was the direct source of the contaminants accumulated by the mussels. The bioconcentration factors for PCBs were higher than those of PAHs when compounds with similar n-octanol/water partition coefficients were compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392601
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid composition and metabolic activities of benthic near-shore microbial communities of Arthur Harbor, antarctic peninsula: Comparisons with McMurdo Sound (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Benthic microbial communities of the Arthur Harbor area were described by analysis of their cell membrane phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PELFA) and metabolic rates. Analysis revealed a biomass averaging 6 nM (phospholipid) or 3.5×108 cells per gram dry weight (gdw) of sediment for the four sites. Only slight biomass differences were detected between the four peninsula sites. All Arthur Harbor sites were determined to have a biomass similar to the lowest amount reported for a previously described McMurdo Sound site at New Harbor. Community structure based on signature phospholipids indicated only slight differences between the four peninsula sites with greater relative amounts of diatom marker lipids at a deeper site. Bacterial biomarker lipids were also determined in relatively equal proportions for the four Arthur Harbor sites with only one site indicating a somewhat decreased proportion. Metabolic rates of sodium [14C]-acetate and methyl [3H]-thymidine incorporation into lipid and bacterial DNA respectively also indicated only slight relative differences in microbial communities of Arthur Harbor study sites. Lipid metabolism (14C-acetate) ranged between 6 and 12 (x104) DPM/g/h for the four sites with 8 being the average. Bacterial (excluding sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)) cell divisions per g per h indicated increased rates at a deeper site with 14×105, compared to the average (5×105) for the three remaining sites. Average estimated total bacterial (excluding SRB's) community turnover was on the order of 0.6%/h for the four sites. Metabolic rate comparisons of Arthur Harbor with those of previously determined McMurdo Sound indicated a somewhat increased lipid metabolism and an order of magnitude greater bacterial cell division rate at Arthur Harbor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental factors influencing decomposition rates in two Antarctic moss communities (1986)
    Springer
    Polar biology 5 (1986), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rates of disappearance of dead material of Polytrichum alpestre and Chorisodontium aciphyllum from a moss turf community and of Drepanocladus uncinatus, Calliergon sarmentosum and Cephaloziella varians from a moss carpet community, measured using litter bags over 2 years, were 1.5% year-1. Decomposition potential, estimated using loss in tensile strength of cotton strips inserted into the different bryophytes on the two sites, was also low. Ranking the five plant species in order of decomposition potential, from highest to lowest, gave D. uncinatus, C. aciphyllum, C. sarmentosum, P. alpestre and C. varians. The time taken for the tensile strength of the cotton strips at depths of 1–3 and 4–6 cm beneath the surface to decline by 50% varied from 1–2 years under the first two species to 3–4 years beneath the last two species. The main causes of these slow rates were low temperatures, short active season and low pH. Differences in decomposition between species, sites and with depth were related to temperature, nutrient status, water content and anaerobic conditions. Variation in anaerobic conditions beneath D. uncinatus, C. sarmentosum and C. varians in the moss carpet resulted in wide variation of decomposition rate beneath these species and with depth beneath C. varians. The peat in the moss turf was aerobic and experienced higher temperatures, but the average decomposition rate was no higher than in the moss carpet, because the peat was of a poorer quality and had a lower pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443381
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential responses to in vitro bud culture in mature Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 6 (1987), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Buds excised from the stems of five dormant, mature (20- to 30-year old) black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees were placed on MS basal medium with various levels of 6-benzylaminopurine. In all treatments, bud explants from two of the trees produced shoots which could be subcultured. Whole plants were obtained from cultures of these two trees. Explants from two other trees became vitrified or produced callus, respectively, when cultured on medium containing between 0.032 and 1.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine; subculturable shoots were only obtained when the buds from these trees were cultured on medium containing 3.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. No shoot cultures which could be subcultured were obtained from the fifth tree used in these experiments. The whole plants produced in these experiments were transferred to a greenhouse, and were phenotypically normal five months after culture initiation (three months after transfer to the greenhouse).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272775
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organogenesis in cell cultures of leafy spurge (Euphorbiaceae) accessions from Europe and North America (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1988), S. 253-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants were regenerated from leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) cell suspensions obtained from stem callus. A North Dakota accession was highly regenerable, but two accessions from Oregon and Austria formed only a few plantlets. Organogenesis occurred in media without growth regulators, under fluorescent lights (30 to 90 μE m−2 s−1, 14 h photoperiod). Organogenesis was greatest in larger size clumps subcultured during maximum cell growth into media containing a reduced:oxidized nitrogen ratio of 33:67. Roots formed first and some clumps produced shoots. Organogenic suspension cultures also were initiated from hypocotyl and root segments of germinated seedlings, directly in liquid medium. Plantlets of the North Dakota accession formed in vitro adapted to greenhouse conditions. They were phenotypically similar to the parent plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272536
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cloning and characterization of a RAS gene fromSchizosaccharomyces pombe (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 23 (1986), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: RAS oncogene ; Cloning ; DNA sequence ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have cloned and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a RAS gene from the yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe (SP-RAS). The putative RAS protein of 214 amino acids is encoded by two noncontiguous reading frames separated by an intron of 86 bp. The SP-RAS gene product shares extensive homology with the proteins of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae (SC),Dictyostelium, Drosophila, and human RAS genes in its N-terminal region but not in its C-terminal region. The extended C-terminal regions found in the SC-RAS genes have no counterpart in the SP-RAS gene. Thus the RAS genes of these two yeasts are structurally quite distinct. The SP-RAS sequence was expressed in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100997
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue water relations of four co-occurring chaparral shrubs (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 527-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Chaparral ; Osmotic potential ; Turgor ; Pressure-volume curve ; Dew-point hygrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chaparral shrubs of California have a suite of morphological and physiological adaptations to withstand the prolonged summer droughts of a mediterranean climate. Not all species of chaparral have the same rooting depth and there is some evidence that those with shallow roots have tissue that is most tolerant to water stress. We tested this notion by comparing the tissue water relations of four co-occurring chaparral shrubs: Quercus durata, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Adenostoma fasciculatum, and Rhamnus californica. We used a pressure-volume technique and a dew-point hygrometer to metsure seasonal changes in osmotic potential when plant tissue was fully hydrated and osmotic potential at predawn, midday, and the turgor loss point. We also calculated seasonal changes in the minimum daily turgor potential, saturated weight/dry weight ratio of leaf tissue, and the bulk modulus of elasticity. We had information on the seasonal water use patterns and apparent rooting depths of these same four shrubs from a previous study (Davis and Mooney 1986). All evidence indicated that Rhamnus had shallow roots and Quercus deep roots. Our results indicated that the tissue water relations of our four co-occurring chaparral shrubs were not alike. Even though Rhamnus had shallow roots, it had the least xerophytic tissue. Seasonal osmotic potential and saturated weight/dry weight ratios were relatively high and bulk modulus of elasticity and minimum daily turgor potentials were low. Furthermore, even though Quercus had deep roots and experienced no seasonal water stress at our study site, its tissue water relations indicated relatively high tolerance to water stress. We conclude that seasonal drought tolerance of stem and leaf tissue of co-occurring chaparral shrubs does not necessarily correspond to rooting depth, to soil moisture resources available to the shrub, or to the degree of seasonal water stress experienced by the shrub.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379899
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential survival of chaparral seedlings during the first summer drought after wildfire (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Chaparral ; Seedling establishment ; Water stress ; Drought ; Fire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Big Pod Ceanothus (Ceanothus megacarpus) is an obligate seeder after fire; Laurel Sumac (Rhus laurina) is primarily a resprouter after fire. Both species commonly occur together in mixed stands and are dominant members of the coastal chaparral of southern California. We compared the mean survival of post-fire seedlings of each species during the first summer drought after fire and found C. megacarpus to have a mean survival of 54% while R. laurina had a mean survival of only 0.1%. Rooting dephs were similar between species but predawn water potentials and leaf temperatures were higher for R. laurina seedlings. Leaf temperatures for R. laurina reached a mean value of 46.8° C on hot, summer days, about 5° C higher than seedlings of C. megacarpus. By the end of the first growing season, 92% of all C. megacarpus seedlings had suffered herbivory compared to only 17% of all R. laurina seedlings. Herbivory did not appear to be the immediate cause of seedling mortality. Transect data indicated that full recovery of prefire species composition and density at our study site was likely but the mode of recovery was different for the species examined. R. laurina recovered primarily by sprouting, C. megacarpus totally by seedling establishment and a third species, Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise), by a combination of sprouting and seedling establishment. We attribute the higher mortality of R. laurina seedlings to the greater sensitivity of its tissue to water stress. It may be that differential survival of shrub seedlings and differential modes of reestablishment after fire play an important role in maintaining species diversity in the chaparral communities of coastal, southern California.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379955
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