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  • pharmacokinetics  (4)
  • 23.20  (3)
  • 25.70  (2)
  • 3-Hydroxy fatty acids  (2)
  • 42.55G  (2)
  • 61.80  (2)
  • Springer  (14)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1985-1989  (14)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (14)
  • American Chemical Society
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verification of a XeCl* laser model by measurement of the plasma conductivity (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 333-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55G ; 52.65 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of current, voltage, and laser emission of an X-ray preionized selfsustained XeCl* laser discharge using Ne:Xe:HCl gas mixtures are compared with predictions of spatially homogeneous model calculations. As a prerequisite an accurate and detailed model of the electrical circuit is developed. For current and voltage measurements electro-optical methods are used. Corrections to the measurements and the reliability of the final data are discussed in detail. Using collision cross sections from the recent literature and stepwise vibrational excitation of HCl up tov=3 reproduces the electrical conductivities measured in a large field of parameters. The reliability and numerical stability of the model calculations depend on the way in which the e-HCl collision terms of the Boltzmann equation and the e-HCl collision rates are evaluated. The predicted total laser pulse energies are too small, but the shape and timing of the pulse correspond to the experimental values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic investigation of the ionization kinetics in XeCl laser discharges by Xe* density measurements (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55G ; 52.65 ; 52.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time and spatially resolved absorption measurements of Xe* particle number densities performed at an X-ray preionized self-sustained XeCl*-laser discharge were used to investigate the reaction kinetics of such discharges and to test the validity of the commonly-made assumption that they are fit well by spatially homogeneous numerical models. It turned out that the Xe* density distribution over the discharge cross section remains homogeneous for less than 100 ns only. Comparing the experimental results of the homogeneous discharge phase with zero-dimensional model calculations, we conclude that induced emission modeled using two excited xenon levels must be taken into account for the quantitative interpretation of the absorption measurements. For the interpretation of the Xe 6s′-6p′ absorption measurements even a multilevel model will be necessary. Further we conclude from the relative courses and the absolute values of the Xe* particle number densities that realistic HCl kinetics should contain three vibrationally excited levels and stepwise excitation processes as proposed by Dem'yanov et al. [8].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy-ion-induced desorption of deuterium from titanium (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 42 (1987), S. 19-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80 ; 66.30 ; 79.20N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A titanium-layer of approximately 90 nm thickness has been homogeneously loaded with deuterium by implantation and diffusion. Desorption was studied by use of28Si ions of up to 20 MeV energy (and other ions). The spectrum of the elastic-recoil-detection method serves as indication of the released and retained amount of deuterium. The retained deuterium is recorded as a function of the employed ion dose and is converted into a desorption rate as a function of the retained deuterium concentration. — A one-dimensional theory considering transitions from vacuum to surface and surface to Ti volume (and back) leads to a system of equations, the solutions of which allow adaptation to the experiment and therefore an evaluation with respect to certain characteristic parameters. — Some of the results might be influenced by the high concentration of C and O impurities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618155
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy-ion induced desorption of deuterium from titanium (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 42 (1987), S. 179-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80 ; 66.30 ; 79.20N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The model used in the first part of this investigation is enlarged to take account of the experimentally found inhibition of desorption by gases from the rest-gas atmosphere of the target chamber. The main parameters that can be found by adaptation of a model set of equations are the rate ratios for transfer of chemisorbed atoms in the surface and back, and of the maximal desorption current densities from the surface into the vacuum for deuterium and foreign gases. The desorption cross sections are discussed in relation to the electronic stopping power of the fast ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620597
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of radio-labeled iloprost in elderly volunteers (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 597-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: iloprost ; prostacyclin analogue ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; radiolabeled study ; volunteers ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma levels and excretion of tritium-labeled iloprost in healthy elderly male and female volunteers have been measured after i.v. infusion of 2 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 4 h and oral administration of 0.1 and 0.48 μg/kg. During infusion, a steady-state of labeled compounds in the plasma was not achieved. Total radioactivity declined from a mean of 408 pg equiv/ml in three phases, with half-lives of 24 min, 1.7 h and 5.0 h, respectively. A steady-state of unchanged iloprost was reached rapidly with a peak of 81 pg/ml. Plasma levels declined biphasically with half-lives of 6 min and 31 min. Total clearance was 24 ml· min−1·kg−1. Maximum concentrations of labeled substances after oral administration were 307 and 1,051 pg equiv/ml after 29 and 39 min respectively. The peak of unchanged iloprost (116 pg/ml) was observed 7.5 min after an oral dose of 0.48 μg/kg. Bioavailability was 16%. Iloprost was totally metabolized and the metabolities were mainly excreted in urine. The main biotransformation products in plasma and urine were tentatively identified by cochromatography as dinor-and tetranoriloprost and their glucuronides. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was reduce by 60% during the i.v. infusion and 15 min after oral administration of 0.48 μg/kg. Heart rate and blood pressure were virtually unaffected. Common side-effects were facial flush, headache and nausea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02455995
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis and in patients with chronic renal disease (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; enprofylline ; liver cirrhosis ; renal failure ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis, patients with chronic renal failure, and healthy subjects, and have assessed the predictive value of routine tests of liver function and renal function (creatinine clearance) for theophylline and enprofylline total body clearances. Theophylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with liver cirrhosis compared with both the patients with renal failure and the healthy subjects (the mean values in the three groups were 24, 47, and 46 ml·h−1·kg−1 respectively. Enprofylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with chronic renal failure, compared with both the patients with liver cirrhosis and the healthy subjects (the values in the three groups were 64, 250, and 289 ml·h−1·kg−1 respectively. There was a strong correlation between creatinine clearance and enprofylline clearance, while there was only a poor correlation between the liver function tests and theophylline clearance. It appears that in various clinical situations enprofylline elimination can be predicted more precisely than theophylline elimination, which may make the drug safer in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561364
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nisoldipine: Kinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with liver cirrhosis after intravenous and oral administration (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; calcium entry blocker ; concentration-effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate of nisoldipine were studied in 8 patients with cirrhosis and in 8 age-matched healthy controls. On separate occasions each subject received nisoldipine by i.v. infusion (0.37 mg in 40 min) and as a tablet (5 mg for patients and 20 mg for control subjects). After i.v. nisoldipine, the elimination half-life was 9.7 h in control subjects and 16.6 h in the cirrhotics. The volume of distribution was 4.1 l/kg and 6.4 l/kg and the total systemic clearance was 847 ml/min and 494 ml/min, respectively. On oral nisoldipine, systemic availability was fourfold higher in patients with cirrhosis: 14.7% versus 3.7%. After i.v. administration of nisoldipine there was a brief decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups, whereas the heart rate increased. After 4 h a second effect peak appeared in the control subjects. After oral nisoldipine similar effect-time profiles were found, but effects lasted longer than after i.v. administration. Comparison of the maximal total plasma concentration of nisoldipine and the maximal effect in the two groups revealed that sensitivity to nisoldipine was not different in patients with cirrhosis. A reduction in the dose of nisoldipine is recommended when cirrhotics require oral nisoldipine in therapeutic practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542441
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the prostacyclin analogue iloprost in man (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: iloprost ; prostacyclin analogue ; pharmacokinetics ; platelet aggregation ; healthy male volunteers ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost, were measured by antibody/GC/MS in healthy male volunteers given 1 and 3 ng/kg per min i.v. for 45 min, and 1 µg/kg p.o. Following i.v. infusion, the steady-state plasma levels of iloprost were strictly dose-dependent (46±8 pg/ml and 135±24 pg/ml). The disposition was biphasic with half-lives of 3–4 min and 0.5 h. After oral administration, absorption of the drug was extremely rapid, the maximum plasma level of 251±32 pg/ml being achieved after 10±6 min. The bioavailability was 16±4%. Platelet aggregation induced by 2 µM ADP was reduced by 53% and 68% at the end of the two different infusions, and by 68% 15 min after p.o. administration. The ex-vivo inhibition of platelet aggregation by iloprost was not affected by preceding drug treatment. The cAMP content of platelets was increased by a factor of 2.5 at the end of the infusions and to a lesser extent 15 min after oral dosing. A slight increase in heart rate occurred during the infusion and within 30 min after oral administration; blood pressure was virtually unaffected. Except for transient side-effects (facial flush and headache) no adverse reactions were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614197
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural analyses of lipid A from lipopolysaccharides of nodulating and non-nodulating Rhizobium trifolii (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 284-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium trifolii ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Lipid A-structure ; “Nod” plasmids ; 3-Hydroxy fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural studies have been performed on lipid A preparations derived from lipopolysaccharides of nodulating (nod+) Rhizobium trifolii wild type strains and non-nodulating (nod-) mutants deprived of the medium size “Nod” plasmid. All preparations contain a lipid A backbone composed of a β1,6-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide (GlcN II-β1,6-GlcN I) which is bis-phosphorylated at positions 1 and 4′. The phosphate group at position 4′ (GlcN II) is nonstoichiometrically substituted probably by a neutral glycosyl residue. Another substituent (probably also a neutral sugar) substitutes partly position 4 (GlcN I) of the disaccharide. The hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 3′ are likely to be esterified by fatty acyl residue. In lipid A of nod+ strains, 3-hydroxyhexa- and octadecanoic acid are linked to the amino group of GlcN I, and 3-hydroxyhexa- and tetradecanoic acid to the amino group of GlcN II. In lipid A of nod- strains, mainly 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is linked to the amino group of GlcN I, and 3-hydroxytetra- and hexadecanoic acid to that of GlcN II. The results show that rhizobial lipid A expresses many similarities to the lipid A of Enterobacteria. The structure shows, however, also peculiarities, especially regarding substituents of the lipid A backbone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428838
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature and linkage type of fatty acids present in lipopolysaccharides of phase I and II Coxiella burnetii (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 6-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Coxiella burnetii ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Endotoxin ; Lipid A ; Fatty acids ; 3-Hydroxy fatty acids ; 3-Acyloxyacyl residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The constituent fatty acids of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Coxiella burnetii (phase I and II) were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total fatty acid content (per mg LPS) was determined as 90.0 nmol (2.3 wt%) for LPS of phase I cells (LPS I) and 179.1 nmol (4.8 wt%) for LPS of phase II cells (LPS II). Of the 24 different acyl residues characterized (12 to 18 carbon atoms), nine were 3-hydroxy fatty acids (normal, iso- and anteiso-branched) which quantitatively predominated. All 3-hydroxylated fatty acids were found to possess the (R)-configuration, to be exclusively amide-linked and to be acylated at their 3-hydroxyl group. Ester-linked nonhydroxylated fatty acids (normal, iso- and anteiso-branched) were present but esterbound 3-hydroxy- or 3-acyloxyacyl residues were lacking from C. burnetii LPS I and LPS II. As the major acyl group (R)-3-(12-methyl-tetradecanoloxy)-12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid was identified. Our results show that the complex fatty acid spectrum of C. burnetii differs considerably from that of LPS of other Gram-negative bacteria. They further suggest an enormous heterogeneity of the lipid A component of C. burnetii LPS I and LPS II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409228
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