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  • Articles  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1985-1989  (3)
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  • Articles  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed photography of surface geometry effects in liquid/solid impact (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 1015-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent theoretical studies of liquid/solid impact, in particular the geometric wave theory of Lesser and Field, have emphasized the importance of the detailed geometry in the contact area. In parallel with the theoretical work, we have developed a two-dimensional technique using gels for impact and shock studies. A combination of high-speed photography and schlieren optics allows the shocks in the liquid and solid, if it is transparent, to be visualized, as well as important processes, such as jetting, to be recorded. This paper describes the gel technique and gives results for a range of surface geometries for collision velocities of a few hundred meters per second. The relevance to damage initiation in liquid/solid impact problems, such as rain erosion, steam turbine blade erosion, and cavitation, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340000
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of target compliance on liquid drop impact (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When a liquid drop impacts a solid surface, the contact periphery at first expands more quickly than the compression wavefronts in either liquid or solid. The liquid behind the shock envelope is compressed and high pressures of order ρCV result, where ρ is the density of the liquid at ambient pressure, C the shock velocity in the liquid, and V the impact velocity. At a later stage, the shock envelope overtakes the contact periphery and a jetting motion, which releases the high pressures, commences. The magnitude and duration of the high pressures are critical in explaining the damage mechanisms and erosion processes caused by liquid impact. The experiments described in this paper use the two-dimensional gel and photographic techniques developed for visualizing the shocks, recording the onset of jetting, and measuring jet velocities. This particular study is primarily concerned with the effect of target compliance on the early stages of impact. It is shown that the greater the target compliance, the longer the delay before jetting commences. Two critical conditions are shown to be useful in discussing jetting. The first defines when the shock envelope overtakes the contact periphery and liquid can "spall'' into the air gap. The second defines when this spalled liquid appears ahead of the contact periphery as an observable jet. Both these conditions are investigated and the implications of the results for erosion damage are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343136
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal, fracture, and laser-induced decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 3945-3952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes a study of the decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The decomposition was induced by fracturing single crystals and by laser irradiation. In the fracture experiments, the energy input was varied from the lowest level necessary to produce smooth cleavage surfaces to high-energy loading which produced rough conchoidal fracture surfaces. In the laser experiments, a ruby laser was used in both normal and Q-switched modes, and again the energy input was varied. For all the various experiments, the reaction products were analyzed and reaction schemes are proposed. It is shown that low-energy fracture causes decomposition which follows the same reaction pathway as that induced thermally, with initial failure at the RO-NO2 bond. However, high-energy fracture results in the breaking of the C-C bonds. Two reaction pathways were observed with the laser irradiation. The first is the normal thermal process, but evidence was also found for failure at the R-ONO2 bond. The reaction continued for several milliseconds after the end of the laser pulse, suggesting a "partial'' ignition of the explosive. In other experiments, the conditions for laser initiation of PETN in vacuum were investigated. Explosion occurred when Q-switched pulses of 1 J energy were applied to a molten layer of PETN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336743
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