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  • Photosynthesis  (26)
  • Springer  (26)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1985-1989  (26)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis in an Australian rainforest tree, Argyrodendron peralatum, during the rapid development and relief of water deficits in the dry season (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Rainforest ; Photosynthesis ; Transpiration ; Stomatal conductance ; Argyrodendron peralatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rates of apparent photosynthesis were measured in situ at five positions between the upper crown and a lower branch of a 34 m tall Argyrodendron peralatum (F.M. Bailey) H.L. Edlin ex I.H. Boas tree, and on an understorey sapling of the same species growing in a northern Australian rainforest. At the end of the dry season, rapid reductions in photosynthetic rates occurred in the upper crown within three days after a rain event, but changes in the lower crown and the sapling were less marked. Complete recovery of photosynthesis followed a second rain event. At high photon flux densities, stomatal conductance to water vapour decreased in a curvilinear fashion as the vapour pressure difference between leaf and air increased. Apparent photosynthesis was linearly related to stomatal conductance on the first clear day after each rain event, but there was no relationship between these parameters at the end of a brief natural drying cycle. Under conditions of adequate water supply, stomatal conductances of both upper crown and understorey leaves increased linearly with increasing photon flux density up to about 300 μmol m-2 s-1. During water deficits, stomatal conductances in leaves from the understorey increased much more rapidly at very low photon flux densities than did conductances in leaves from the upper canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378943
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton translocation during denitrification in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. denitrificans (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1985), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Proton translocation ; Photosynthesis ; Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. denitrificans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proton translocation during the reduction of NO 3 - , NO 2 - , N2O and O2, with endogenous substrates, in washed cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. denitrificans was investigated by an oxidant pulse method. On adding NO 2 - to washed cells, anaerobically in the dark, an alkalinization occurred in the reaction mixture followed by acidification. When NO 3 - , N2O or O2 was added to cells in the dark or with these compounds and NO 2 - in light an acidification only was observed. Proton translocation was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. Valinomycin treated cells produced acid in response to the addition of either NO 3 - , NO 2 - , N2O or O2. The proton extrusion stoichiometry ( $$\vec H^ + /2e^ - $$ ratios) in illuminated cells were as follows: NO 3 - →0.5N2, 4.82; NO 2 - →0.5N2, 5.43; N2O→N2, 6.20; and O2→H2O, 6.43. In the dark the comparable values were 3.99, 4.10, 4.17 and 3.95. Thus, illuminated cells produced higher $$\vec H^ + /2e^ - $$ values than those in the dark, indicating a close link between photosynthesis and denitrification in the generation of proton gradients across the bacterial cell membranes. When reduced benzyl viologen was the electron donor in the presence of 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide and 0.5 mM 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide in the dark, the addition of either NO 3 - , NO 2 - or N2O to washed cells resulted in a rapid alkalinization of the reaction mixture. The stoichiometries for proton consumption, $$\vec H^ + /2e^ - $$ ratios without a permeant ion were NO 3 - →NO 2 - ,-1.95; NO 2 - →0.5 N2O,-3.03 and N2O→N2,-2.02. The data indicate that these reductions occur on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446978
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active transport of proline into washed cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans grown with nitrate (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Proline transport ; Photosynthesis ; Chemical potential of proline ; proton motive force ; Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Washed cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans, prepared from cultures grown anaerobically in light with NO 3 - as the terminal acceptor, readily incorporated [14C]-proline both in light and in the dark. The proline uptake was coupled to the reduction of either NO 3 - , NO 2 - , N2O or O2. Light stimulated the accumulation of proline in these cells. The addition of NO 3 - to washed cells in light decreased the K m for proline from 40 μM to 5.7 μM. Proline transport was inhibited by antimycin A, 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide both in light and in the dark with nitrate indicating that electron transfer from both denitrification and photosynthesis are involved in this uptake. Inhibition by carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and 2.4-dinitrophenol indicate that proline transport is energy dependent. The H+/proline stoichiometry increased from 1 to 2.5 when the external pH was increased from 6.0 to 8.0. Under these conditions Δμpro increased but Δp decreased markedly above pH 7.0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410954
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canopy structure, light microclimate and leaf gas exchange of Quercus coccifera L. in a Portuguese macchia: measurements in different canopy layers and simulations with a canopy model (1986)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1986), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Canopy structure ; Quercus coccifera ; Photosynthesis ; Transpiration ; Simulation model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The structural characteristics of a diverse array of Quercus coccifera canopies were assessed and related to measured and computed light attenuation, proportion of sunlit foliage, foliage temperatures, and photosynthesis and diffusive conductance behavior in different canopy layers. A canopy model incorporating all components of shortwave and longwave radiation, and the energy balance, conductance, and CO2 and H2O exchanges of all leaf layers was developed and compared with measurements of microclimate and gas exchange in canopies in four seasons of the year. In the denser canopies with a leaf area index (LAI) greater than 5, there is little sunlit foliage and the diffuse radiation (400–700 nm) is attenuated to 5% or less of the global radiation (400–700 nm) incident on the top of the canopy. Foliage of this species is nonrandomly distributed with respect to azimuth angle, and within each canopy layer, foliage azimuth and inclination angles are correlated. A detailed version of the model which computed radiation interception and photosynthetic light harvesting according to these nonrandom distributions indicated little difference in whole-canopy gas exchange from calculations of the normal model, which assumes random azimuth orientation. The contributions of different leaf layers to canopy gas exchange are not only a function of the canopy microclimate, but also the degree to which leaves in the lower layers of the canopy exhibit more shade-leaf characteristics, such as low photosynthetic and respiratory capacity and maximal conductance. On cloudless days, the majority of the foliage in a canopy of 5.4 LAI is shaded —70%–90% depending on the time of year. Yet, the shaded foliage under these conditions is calculated to contribute only about one-third of the canopy carbon gain. This contribution is about the same as that of the upper 13% of the canopy foliage. Computed annual whole-canopy carbon gain and water use are, respectively, 60% and 100% greater for a canopy of 5 LAI than for one of 2 LAI. Canopy water-use efficiency is correspondingly less for the canopy of 5 LAI than for that of 2 LAI, but most of this difference is apparent during the cool months of the year, when moisture is more abundant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis in hybrid larch (Larix decidua x leptolepis) (1987)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Larix ; Heterosis ; Photosynthesis ; Stomatal conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Individual 33-year-old forest trees of the deciduous conifer speciesLarix decidua, Larix leptolepis andLarix decidua x leptolepis were investigated with respect to the phenomenon of stem heterosis in hybrid larch; the first part of this study compares the gas exchange responses of leaves. CO2 assimilation per leaf area was similar in the three larch species, but on a dry weight basis the nitrogen content of the needles and maximum CO2 assimilation rate (Amax) were slightly higher in the hybrid. This increase was accompanied by a higher protein content than in the Japanese and a lower specific leaf weight than in the European larch. All three species were similar in terms of the photosynthetic “nitrogen use” and stomatal conductance atA max. The similar slopes of the area-related steady-state responses of gas exchange against irradiance, evaporative demand and internal CO2 concentration led to similar rates of CO2 uptake under ambient conditions. The natural combinations and variability of the environmental factors also reduced the small dry weight-related difference inA max between hybrid larch and the parent species, such that all trees achieved similar daily carbon gains. Thus, the ecological significance of small interspecific differences in the metabolism of leaves has very little effect under the natural habitat conditions of a temperate climate. The second part of the study will investigate the effect of growth characteristics on the heterosis of hybrid larch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01816819
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis in epiphytic and rooted Clusia rosea Jacq. (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; Hemiepiphyte ; Crassulacean acid metabolism ; Carbon isotope ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Clusia rosea Jacq. is a hemiepiphyte having Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). In its natural habitat Clusia begins its life cycle as an epiphyte and eventually becomes a rooted tree. These two stages of the life cycle of Clusia represent markedly different water regimes. Our CO2 exchange, stomatal conductance, titratable acidity, and stable carbon isotope ratio measurements indicate that Clusia has a flexible photosynthetic mode, where CO2 is fixed mostly via CAM during its epiphytic stage, when water availability is low, and via both CAM and C3 during its rooted stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377579
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karst. stands at different stages of decline (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Picea abies ; Forest decline ; Stomatal response ; Photosynthesis ; Mg-deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary CO2 assimilation rate (A) and leaf conductance (g) were measured in the field on intact branches of 35-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees, in five plots each in a healthy and a declining stand. The declining site included trees with yellow needles. In order to separate atmospheric effects on gas exchange from effects of nutrient deficiency, direct effects of atmospheric pollutants were studied on green needles of different age classes in plots of trees at different stages of visible decline. The effects of nutrient deficiency on gas exchange were studied on a different group of trees showing needles of various degrees of yellowing. CO2 assimilation of green needles at the same leaf conductance fell somewhat only when needles had reached 5 years of age, the oldest age examined in this study. Leaf conductance decreased with increasing needle age, but green needles in the declining stand had leaf conductances similar to those of needles in the healthy stand. Stomata of needles with different magnesium concentrations responded to light and air humidity in all age classes. Thus, as long as needles were green, no dese effect was detectable up to 5 years of exposure to atmospheric emissions. Since all needles, green and yellow, were exposed to the same pollution levels, differences in gas exchange between green and yellow needles could not be explained simply in terms of long-term direct effects of air pollution. Needle magnesium contents were correlated with needle yellowing. Neither needle color change nor the magnesium concentration were related to g, but CO2 uptake at ambient CO2 levels declined with lower magnesium concentration and greater degrees of needle yellowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397862
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of ten years at -20°C on gas exchange in five lichen species (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Frost resistance ; Freezing stress ; Lichen physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rates of net CO2 exchange in five sympatric species of Umbilicaria were measured after 10 years at-20°C. During that time, the lichens had been at either a high (saturated) or a low (air-dry) water content. The results showed an immediate, return to normal rates of gas exchange for air-dried then frozen U.vellea. Rates returned to normal for air-dried U. deusta within four days. The three other species studied, U. mammulata, U. papulosa and U. muhlenbergii showed intermediate responses. Water saturated then frozen thalli of U. vellea were irreparably damaged after 10 years; even fungal respiration was severely impaired. In U. mammulata, U. papulosa and U. muhlenbergii, photosynthesis was eliminated but fungal respiration rates were not influenced. In contrast to this, water saturated then frozen thalli of U. deusta showed a nearly equal photosynthetic capacity to the original rates following 10 years at -20°C. In all cases the magnitude of the effect of the long-term subzero treatment correlated well with the known distribution patterns of the lichens in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic kinetics determine the outcome of competition for dissolved inorganic carbon by freshwater microalgae: implications for acidified lakes (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Algae ; Photosynthesis ; Competition ; pH ; Acidification ; Dissolved inorganic carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photosynthetic kinetics with respect to dissolved inorganic carbon were used to predict the outcome of competition for DIC between the green alga Selenastrum minutum and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis at pH 6.2, 7.5, and 10. Based on measured values of the maximum rate of photosynthesis, the half-saturation value of photosynthesis with respect to DIC (K 1 2/DIC ), and the DIC compensation point, it was predicted that S. leopoliensis would lower the steady-state DIC concentration below the DIC compensation point of S. minutum. This should result in competitive displacement of the green alga at a rate equivalent to the chemostat dilution rate. This prediction was validated by carrying out competition experiments over the range of pH. These results suggest that the low levels of DIC in air-equilibrated acidified lakes may be an important rate-limiting resource and hence affect phytoplankton community structure. Furthermore, the low levels of DIC in these systems may be below the DIC compensation point for some species, thereby precluding their growth at acid pH solely as a function of DIC limitation. The potential importance of DIC in shaping phytoplankton community structure in acidified systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377523
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A global survey of carbon isotope discrimination in plants from high altitude (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1988), S. 623-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; δ 13C ; Alpine ecology ; Atmospheric CO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Carbon 13/12 isotope ratios have been determined from leaves of a hundred C3 plant species (or ecotypes) from all major mountain ranges of the globe, avoiding drought stressed areas. A general increase in 13C content was found with increasing altitude, i.e. overall discrimination against the heavy isotope is reduced at high elevation. The steepest decline of discrimination is observed in taxa typically ranging to highest elevations (e.g. the genus Ranunculus). Mean δ 13C for all samples collected between 2500 and 5600 m altitude is-26.15‰ compared to the lowland average of-28.80‰ (P〈0.001). Forbs from highest elevations reach-24‰. According to theory of 13C discrimination this indicates decreasing relative limitation of carbon uptake by carboxylation. In other words, we estimate that the ratio of internal to external partial pressure of CO2 (p i /p a )in leaves of high elevation plants is lower than in leaves of low altitude. These results confirm recent gas exchange analyses in high and low elevation plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380063
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