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  • pharmacokinetics  (3)
  • bioassay  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Geological Society of London
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1985-1989  (5)
Collection
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  • Springer  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Geological Society of London
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii ; aphid-resistant plants ; lucerne = alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; variation ; bioassay ; antibiosis non-preference ; inter-plant movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude de la multiplication initiale des effectifs de T. trifolii, élevés au laboratoire sur pousses de différents pieds de luzerne, a servi de test d'antibiose pour les cultures en plein champ. La distribution de l'antibiose, dans des échantillons importants de plantes appartenant à des cultivars sélectionnés pour leur résistance aux pucerons, a présenté une forme en J, c'est-à-dire que la majorité des plantes était très résistante, quelques unes apparemment sensibles, et un certain nombre intermédiaires entre ces deux extrêmes. Pour un niveau donné d'antibiose, la reproduction, la mortalité et ainsi la distribution initiale en âges dans les populations de pucerons ont été généralement identiques. La multiplication végétative de plantes présentant un gradient de résistance à l'intérieur d'un cultivar et l'utilisation d'un plan de distribution des boutures ont permis l'étude de ce qui semble être l'effet de l'hétérogénéité spatiale sur la résistance des cultures aux attaques de pucerons. La simulation d'une invasion de la culture par les pucerons en plaçant des adulte sur toutes les boutures d'un rang ne pouvait donner une explication de la croissance de la population que si les pucerons se déplacaient le long du rang pour découvrir et exploiter les pieds les plus sensibles. Une distribution par taches, comme on peut l'envisager dans un champ, ne devrait pas gêner les pucerons, car bien que les mouvements d'évasion soient stimulés par les niveaux de résistance élevés (de non-préférence), on peut en déduire que les pucerons se déplaceront sur des plantes très résistantes, eventuellement pour atteindre des plantes moins résistantes placées derriere.
    Notes: Abstract Initial population growth of spotted alfalfa aphid reared on shoots cut from individual lucerne plants, was tested and used as a realistic bioassay of antibiosis. Within cultivars selected for aphid-resistance there was a J-shaped distribution of antibiosis between plants of the crop, the majority being highly resistant, a few apparently susceptible and a proportion partly-resistant. For a given level of antibiosis, reproduction, mortality and thus initial age distribution of aphid populations were generally similar. Vegetative cloning of plants from the range of resistance available in a cultivar has allowed studies of the likely effect of spatial variation of resistance in crops on aphid infestations, using experimental arrays of cut shoots. Simulation of aphid invasion of crops by the placement of adults on all shoots of an array gave results explicable only if the aphids moved through the array to find and breed on the more susceptible plants. A patchy arrangement of these, as might be expected in a field crop, would not hinder the aphids, for although movement off a plant is stimulated by higher resistance (non-preference) levels, it was inferred that aphids will move onto higher resistance plants, eventually to reach lower resistance plants beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid-resistance ; lucerne ; alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata ; antibiosis ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In autumn 1981 there were widespread reports of a reduced level of antibiosis in lucerne crops and field trials where cultivars selected for resistance to the aphid, Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata, had been used. On our field trial, the plot of ‘CUF 101’ lucerne was infested to a level about 40% of that on the aphid-susceptible ‘Hunter River’, compared with an average of about 3% over the two years before and the two years after. An experimental study of possible causes using a bioassay technique on cloned plants representing the spectrum of resistance in CUF 101 indicated that loss of resistance was temporary and occurred apparently randomly among the tests, but that certain treatments increase the frequency of its occurrence. Lowered temperatures and the use of either young regrowth or senescent lucerne, each increased the frequency of loss of resistance. Inundation of lucerne by large numbers of aphids did not affect the expression of resistance directly, but the few progeny that survived to adulthood on partly-resistance lucerne were habituated and were then able to interact with the plants to increase the apparent frequency of breakdown of resistance. Plants which showed the loss of resistance developed aphid populations between 4x ad 25x those when they expressed their normal resistance level. Investigations suggest that the situation in autumn 1981 may have been the result of a prolonged and massive immigration of aphids into lucerne crops, which, on the aphid resistant cultivars allowed surviving aphids to exploit maximally the combined effects of factors causing some loss of resistance.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: trimazosin ; cimetidine ; pharmacokinetics ; alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of cimetidine treatment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single doses of trimazosin was studied in 6 normotensive volunteers. Co-administration of cimetidine did not significantly affect the overall magnitude of the hypotensive effect of trimazosin. However, the time profile of the blood pressure response was significantly modified particularly with attenuation of the delayed component. Co-administration of cimetidine did not alter alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonism by trimazosin. There was no significant change in the clearnace and volume of distribution of trimazosin but there was a significant reduction in the area under the concentration-time curve for the metabolite, 1-hydroxytrimazosin. The reduction in the AUC of 1-hydroxy-trimazosin corresponds in time with the attenuation of the delayed hypotensive response. This is consistent with the suggestion that the delayed hypotensive response is related to an active metabolite, probably 1-hydroxytrimazosin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: omeprazole ; renal failure ; gastric secretion ; pharmacokinetics ; haemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibitory effect of omeprazole on gastric acid secretion was tested in a group of patients on haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Single 30 mg doses almost totally inhibited basal acid output on both dialysis and non-dialysis days. Plateau acid output was reduced by a mean of 77% and 90% on non-dialysis and dialysis days respectively. The absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of omeprazole were not affected by dialysis. Omeprazole was not recoverable from dialysis fluid. It is concluded that omeprazole is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in patients with chronic renal failure, and its effect is not influenced by haemodialysis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 75-77 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dexamethasone ; congenital adrenal hyperplasia ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, given at low dose, were studied in 13 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) to ascertain whether kinetics differed in this inherited disorder of cortisol metabolism from those seen in healthy individuals. Changes in plasma dexamethasone concentration after intravenous bolus, measured using a simple novel radioimmunoassay, were well described by a two-compartment open model with first-order kinetics. Values for λ2: 0.206 h−1, t1/2: 3.53 h, Vc: 24.41 and f: 0.64 were similar to those previously reported for normal subjects. There were considerable interindividual differences in parameter values and Cmaxp.o. (range 22–67 nmol/l). As suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis correlates with plasma dexamethasone levels, this variability may partly explain the differing dose and dose schedule requirements necessary to achieve adequate therapeutic control in the clinical management of CAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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