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  • 1
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    Wiesbaden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Geographische Zeitschrift. 38:4 (1932) 233 
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  • 2
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    Wiesbaden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Geographische Zeitschrift. 39:5 (1933) 312 
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  • 3
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    Wiesbaden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Geographische Zeitschrift. 38:4 (1932) 233 
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 83-88 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Ichneumonidae ; lead ; cadmium ; heavy metal ; respiration ; lifetime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pimpla turionellae L. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) wurde mit Blei (82 μg/g) und Cadmium (33 μg/g) bzw. deren Kombination über Futter oder Wasser belastet. Schwermetallgehalte sowie Auswirkungen auf Lebensdauer und Sauerstoffverbrauch wurden untersucht. Der Einfluß der Schwermetalle war nach Geschlecht bzw. nach Art der Kontamination verschieden. Cadmium wirkt schon bei geringen Konzentrationen verkürzend auf die Lebensdauer, Blei erst bei relativ hohen Konzentrationen. Bei Blei ergab sich eine Abnahme des Sauerstoffverbrauches nur bei Belastung über das Wasser, bei Cadmium hingegen bei beiden Kontaminationsarten. Überlegungen ökologischer Konsequenzen werden angestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) was fed either with Cd, Pb, and Cd+Pb —contaminated food or water. Body concentrations of heavy metal and effects on lifetime and respiration were studied. Cadmium at a concentration of 33 μg per gram food or per ml water reduced life expectancy; whereas lead did such at 82 μg per ml water only. Differences were found between sexes and modes of contamination concerning body concentrations of Cd and Pb. Lead affected respiration only via water contamination; whereas cadmium did such also via food contamination. Ecological consequences of the observations are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 259-269 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Scolytidae ; cadmium ; lead ; manganese ; zinc ; heavy metals ; air pollution ; food chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, lead, manganese, zinc) in bark and wood of the sprucePicea abies Karst. from different locations were determined by AAS-method and compared with that of the bark-beetles feeding on it (Ips typographus L.,Pityogenes chalcographus L.,Polygraphus poligraphus L. — Scolytidae). In the case of cadmium and zinc a positive correlation of metal concentration in beetles and food as well as an accumulation in the beetles could be shown. We found considerable variation of manganese content (up to a factor of 100) in the inner bark (the main feeding substrate of the animals) but relatively uniform concentration in the insects (uncertain in the case ofI. typographus). Mean lead concentrations were slightly higher in beetles than in food, but no correlation between the insects and their feeding substrate could be detected in the range investigated. The heavy metal concentrations of different stages of development are compared and a short-circuit Cd-excretion mechanism in the larval stage is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Schwermetallgehalt (Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn) de für die Ernährung von Borkenkäfern relevanten Gewebe an Fichten (Picea abies Karst.) unterschiedlicher Standorte untersucht sowie dessen Auswirkung auf den Metallgehalt der dort minierenden Käfer (Ips typographus L.,Pityogenes chalcographus L. undPolygraphus poligraphus L., - Scolytidae) ermittelt. Für Cadmium und Zink konnte eine deutliche Anreicherung in den Käfern sowie eine entsprechende Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration im Futter nachgewiesen werden. Der Bast von Fichten weist teilweise sehr hohe Mangankonzentrationen und eine sehr breite Streuung auf. Die in diesem Bast entwickelten Käfer zeigen dagegen einheitlich niedrige Konzentrationen (unsicher beiI. typographus). Die Bleikonzentrationen waren in den Käferproben geringfügig höher als in den Bastproben, eine Abhängigkeit der Konzentrationen in Käfer und Bast wurde im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich jedoch nicht gefunden. Die verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der Käfer wurden ebenfalls vergleichend auf ihren Schwermetallgehalt hin untersucht.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1281-1282 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ellobius lutescens ; sex chromosomes ; chromosome heteromorphism ; sex determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve animals of the speciesEllobius lutescens from two generations were studied with various chromosomal banding techniques. This species carries 17 chromosomes in both sexes. In preceding studies chromosomal sex determination was assigned to different structural variants of chromosome No. 1. In the present study, no definite chromosomal basis for sex determination was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 69 (1985), S. 106-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibroblasts from a heterozygous carrier for the Martin-Bell syndrome, who manifests the fragile site Xq27, were cloned to separate the population carrying the primary defect on the active X chromosome from the population with this defect on the inactive X. Clones with this defect on the active X manifest the fra(X)(q27) whereas clones from the other population are fra(X)-negative (Steinbach et al. 1983b). In this project, the replication status of the X chromosome manifesting the fra(X)(q27) was studied in seven clones with this defect on the active X. The results obtained on the clones were very similar to the results obtained from uncloned fibroblasts and lymphocytes. In the clones the fragile site was found manifested on the early replicating X in 73 cells and on the late replicating X in four cells. Since the defect is located on the active X chromosome of these cells the manifestation of the fragile site on the late replicating X suggests that the defect and the fragile site cannot be identical. It is concluded that there is no obligate synteny of this defect and the manifested fragile site.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Labeling cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) permits the differentiation of mitoses of the first, second, and third generation after the addition of BrdU. The term “second mitoses” is used for those cells which have incorporated BrdU for two-S-phases and which exhibit sister chromatid differentiation (SCD). However, SCD can also be obtained if the cell was in S-phase at the time of BrdU-addition and had already replicated part of its DNA. Such cells with incomplete BrdU-substitution in the first S-phase can only be differentiated from completely substituted ones by the quality of the SCD and are usually also grouped as “second mitoses’ in the evaluation of experiments. Due to the heterogeneity of the evaluated “second mitoses”, the determination of proliferation delay and the incidence of sister chromatid exchange-induction can depend on the time of chromosome preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 17 (1989), S. 49-51 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Action potential ; voltage clamp ; ionic current ; myelinated nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method was used to measure directly sodium and potassium currents underlying the action potential in single nerve fibres of Xenopus laevis. A short rectangular stimulus under current-clamp conditions elicited an action potential which was digitally stored and later used as command when voltageclamping the same fibre. The currents thus obtained nearly reproduced the original rectangular stimulus. Adding first 100 nM TTX and subsequently 100 nM TTX plus 10 mM TEA to the extracellular Ringer solution revealed the sodium and the potassium currents during an action potential. They were converted to permeabilities by use of the constant-field equation and are in good agreement with the curves which had been calculated from conventional voltage-clamp data. Thus experimentally determined currents and permeabilities are shown as they are changing during an action potential.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 76 (1987), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A bromodeoxyuridine antibody staining technique (BAT) was applied for the analysis of human chromosomes of different chromosomal band resolution. For this purpose lymphocyte cultures were synchronized and labeled with bromodeoxyuridine during the second half of the S-phase. Generally BAT was found comparable to GTG banding though some prominent GTG bands and the constitutive heterochromatin exhibit less intense staining with this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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