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  • Chemistry  (5,779)
  • 1985-1989  (5,438)
  • 1940-1944  (341)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of modified calcium phosphate surface on the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1403-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the absence and in the presence of unmodified and modified calcium phosphate surface with adsorbed stearic acid from stearic acid benzene solution; this was found to accelerate the polymerization process. The acceleration was found to depend on the extent of modification. The apparent activation energy was also found to decrease with surface modification. It was also found that the calcium phosphate surface modified with stearic acid has an effect on the sedimentation rate and sediment volume in organic medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identity of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum polypeptides: Correlation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results from different laboratories (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 8 (1987), S. 77-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As the first step in a cooperative effort to standardize the identification of the polypeptides of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results obtained in 16 laboratories were compared. Although it was possible to correlate the positions of 16 of the major polypeptide bands, the cross-identification of many of the polypeptides was ambiguous, particularly in the low molecular weight range. Two-dimensional electrophoresis provided an improved means of separating and characterizing T. pallidum polypeptides as isolated molecular species. An approach to the unambiguous identification of treponemal polypeptides was outlined which will utilize two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with specific properties attributable to individual proteins, including reactivity with monoclonal antibodies or monospecific antisera, biochemical and structural properties, and sequence information. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, two-dimensional electrophoresis in conjunction with immunoperoxidase staining was used to specifically identify three cloned T. pallidum proteins.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150080202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of aluminium oxide trihydrate particle size on the combustion of polydimethylsiloxane (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The regularities of thermal degradation of Al(OH)3 powders and the compositions of polydimethylsiloxane and fire retardant with different particle sizes (from 2 μm to 45 μm) were studied by the use of dynamic thermogravimetry (TG), mass spectrometry (MS) and high-temperature pyrolysis. It was shown that the size of the flame-retardant particles influences the physico-mechanical characteristics and combustion of polymeric compositions based on polydimethylsiloxane. The filling of polymer with fine flame retardants improves the tensile properties of vulcanizates but the flame retardance is reduced markedly. The time of free combustion and the length of the burnt parts are increased, the oxygen index and time of ignition delay are decreased while the flame temperature near the surface of the burning sample rises.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical conductivity of butyl rubber loaded with different types of carbon black (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In dieser Arbeit interessieren wir uns für den Einfluß von Konzentration und Temperatur auf den elektrischen Widerstand eines Butyl-Kautschuks (IIR), der mit zwei Typen von Ruß (Hoch-Abrasion-Schmelzofen-Ruß (HAF) und Schnell-Extrusion-Hochofen-Ruß (FEF)) versetzt ist. Ergebnis war, daß die Leitfähigkeit bei niedrigem Rußgehalt hauptsächlich durch thermische Aktivierung der Ladungsträger erreicht wird. Bei mittleren Konzentrationen überwiegt der Tunnel-Mechanismus bei niedriger Temperatur, gefolgt von der thermischen Aktivierung bei relativ hoher Temperatur. Dies gilt für beide Rußarten. Das metallartige Verhalten bei Gemischen mit hoher Rußkonzentration kann sowohl der thermischen Ausdehnung der Tunnelwege zwischen Kohlenstoff-Agglomeraten als auch dem Zusammenbruch der Kohlenstoff-Agglomerate bei steigender Temperatur zugeschrieben werden.
    Notes: In this study we are interested in the effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical resistivity of butyl rubber (IIR) loaded with two types of carbon black, (namely, high abrasion furnace black (HAF), and fast extrusion furnace black (FEF)). It was found that the conductivity at low carbon black concentrations is mainly achieved by thermal activation of carriers. Tunneling mechanism at low termperature followed by thermal activation at relatively high temperature is found to be predominant for moderate concentrations for both carbon blacks. The metal-like behaviour which was observed in highly loaded compounds was attributed to both, the thermal expansion of the tunneling paths between carbon-carbon agglomerates and the breakdown of carbon agglomerates with temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051650106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox polymerization of methyl acrylate in absence and in presence of some inorganic silicon compounds (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 609-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl acrylate in water using ammonium, potassium, and sodium persulphates with sodium bisulphite as redox initiation system was studied. It has been found that ammonium persulphate had the least activity on the rate of polymerization and resulted in the formation of the highest viscosity average molecular weights for the obtained polymers. The rate of polymerization was found to increase with sodium bisulphite concentration in the redox system, but the viscosity average molecular weights were found to decrease with the increase of sodium bisulphite concentration. Addition of some inorganic silicon compounds (containing the same weight equivalent of SiO2) resulted in increasing the rate of polymerization and decreasing the induction period. The average molecular weights obtained in presence of china clay were found to be the highest and those obtained in presence of talc were the least.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some free and chelated iron ions on the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 155 (1987), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die wäßrige Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde in Abwesenheit und in Gegenwart einiger anorganischer Eisensalze und Komplexe unter Verwendung von natriumbisulfit als Bildner für Initiatorradikale durchgeführt. Die polymerisation in Abwesenheit von Eisensalzen oder Komplexen führte zur Bildung des höchsten durchschnittlichen Molekulargewichts und der niedrigsten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, während die Verwendung von Salzen mit freien Eisenionen sowohl die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie des Systems als auch die erhaltenen mittleren Molekulargewichte herabsetzte und die Anfangsreaktionsgeschwindigkeit erhöhte. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde für komplexiertes Eisen in kaliumferro- und -ferricyanid eine Verzögerung bzw. vollständige Inhibierung der Polymerisation beobachtet.
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in absence and in presence of some inorganic iron salts and complexes using sodium bisulphite as a producer of initiator radicals. Polymerization in absence of iron salts or complexes resulted in the highest average molecular weights formation and the least reaction rates, while using salts in which the iron is ionizable lowered both the apparent energy of activation (Ea) of the system and the obtained average molecular weights and increased the initial rates. On the contrary, when the iron is chelated, as in case of potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide, a retardation or complete inhibition of the polymerization reaction took place, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051550102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation on the catalytic mechanism of enhanced chemiluminescence: Immunochemical applications of this reaction (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 164-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Enhanced chemiluminescence ; peroxidase ; enzyme immunoassay ; flow-injection analysis ; IgG ; T4 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of luminol by H2O2 was studied. The stopped-flow technique was used to measure the rate constants for the reactions between the oxidized forms of peroxidase with luminol and the following substrates: p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-clorophenol, o-iodophenol, m-iodophenol, luciferin, and 2-iodo-6-hydroxybenzothiazole. The correlation between kinetic parameters and the degree of enhancement was established. The effect of charged synthetic polymers and specific antibodies on the peroxidase activity in the enhanced chemiluminescent reaction. Novel homogenous methods of luminescent immunoassay (LIA) for (1) antibodies to insulin, (2) insulin and (3) antibodies to trinitrophenyl group are proposed on the basis of regulatory facilities of the enhanced chemiluminescent reaction. Based on the enhanced chemiluminescent reaction a peroxidase flow-injection assay was developed and successfuly tested in the flow-injection enzyme immunoassays for human IgG and for thyroxin (T4). The immunoassay proposed has a detection limit of 10-9M for IgG and 10-11M for T4, the overall time of the assay being 5-15 min.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040125
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of polymerization-filled polyethylenes (“Norplastics”) and compositions on the basis of norplastics (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 6107-6119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The peculiarities of a new type of materials - polymerization-filled polymers (“Norplastics”) - have been studied. Norplastics were tested as polymer fillers. The structure morphological properties of high-filled polymer composites (HFPC), prepared both with norplastics as fillers and traditional mineral dispersed fillers, have been examined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320736
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waste liquors from cellulosic industries. IV.Part III, cf. Ref. 8. Lignin as a component in phenol formaldehyde resol resin (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2915-2924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The lignin separated from the spent liquor of soda pulping of rice straw can replace a part of phenol in the condensation reaction with formaldehyde in a basic medium to form phenol lignin-formaldehyde (PL-F) resol resin. The production of phenol lignin-formaldehyde resol resin was carried out in two stages: First was the formation of the adduct (lignin phenol) using different lignin percentages; second was the condensation of the adduct with formaldehyde. Reaction variables, i.e., molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol lignin, polymerization time, amount of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, and polymerization temperature in the polymerization step were studied. Solubility of the produced resol resin in different solvents, its viscosity, and yield were determined. Lignin could replace up to 40% of phenol in the produced resin. Infrared spectra of the prepared resin were determined. Structural similarity of phenol-formaldehyde to phenol lignin-formaldehyde resin was shown. Also, relative absorbance of characteristic bands of the resins were calculated and claimed too much on the effect of reaction parameters on the prepared resins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330824
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon black and thermal aging on the conduction mechanism of natural and styrene butadiene rubbers (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 129 (1985), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zwei Typen von Ruß „fast extrusion furnace black“ (FEF) und „high abrasion furnace black“ (HAF) wurden mit einer Konzentration von 50 Teilen pro 100 Teilen in Styrol/Butadien- und Naturkautschuk eingebaut. Der Einfluß der Zeit, der Alterung und der Temperatur auf die elektrische Leitfähigkeit wurde untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß eine thermische Alterung bei 95°C zu einem Minimum in der Leitfähigkeit (σ) bei beiden Proben FEF/NR und HAF/NR führte. Dieses wurde mit einer Konkurrenzreaktion zwischen zwei Faktoren erklärt: Abbau und Anstieg der Vernetzungsdichte in der Kautschukmatrix. Im Falle von FEF/SBR und HAF/SBR zeigen diese Faktoren vergleichbare Effekte auf die Leitfähigkeit nach 10 Tagen Alterung. Aus den Strom-Spannungscharakteristiken (I-V) wurden die Trägerkonzentration, Haftstellendichte und Driftbeweglichkeit berechnet. Das für die Temperaturabhängigkeit gefundene Minimum der Leitfähigkeit von FEF/NR wird diskutiert, wobei sich herausstellte, daß sie von der relativen Größe der Kohlenstoff- und Kautschukaggregate kontrolliert wird.
    Notes: Two types of carbon black namely fast extrusion furnace black (FEF) and high abrasion furnace black (HAF) were incorporated with a concentration of 50 phr into styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR). The effect of the time of aging and temperature on the electrical conductivity was studied. It was found that a thermal aging at 95°C leads to the appearance of minimum in conductivity (σ) in both FEF/NR and HAF/NR. This was explained by a competition between two factors: degradation and increase of crosslinking density in the rubber matrix. In case of FEF/SBR and HAF/SBR it seems that these factors have comparable effects on the conductivity after 10 days of aging. From the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics the carrier concentration, trap density, and the drift mobility were calculated. The minimum found in the temperature dependence of σ for FEF/NR is discussed and found to be controlled by the relative dimension of carbon and rubber aggregates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051290101
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