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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1)
  • Liquid crystals  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 7 (1986), S. 825-842 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si presentano misure dello splitting iperfine e del fattoreg di due spin probes nitrossidi disciolti inp-azoxyanisole, un ben noto cristallo liquido nematico, nel rapporto molecolare di circa una parte su in milione. Le molecole degli spin probes usati sono 1) 17β-hydroxy-4′, 4′-dimethylspiro-5α-androstane-3, 2′-oxazolidin/-3′-yloxil, e 2) 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-tridecyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl methyl ester; il primo ha una struttura rigida, mentre il secondo una struttura flessibile. I risultati ottenuti sono usati per dimostrare la validità del nostro modello che pone in relazione il tensore d’ordine orientazionale $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ del cristallo liquido con le precedenti quantità misurate con tecniche di risonanza di spin elettronico. Il modello è indipendente da restrizioni sulla natura delle molecole del soluto, siano esse rigide o flessibili. La relazione tra le grandezze direttamente misurate e le componenti di $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ è stabilita in due passi successivi: in primo luogo ponendo in relazione le misure con $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)}$$ , un tensore parametro d’ordine definito mediante un vettore unitario diretto come il cosiddetto lungo asse delle molecole di soluto, e successivamente ponendo $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)} = k\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ , essendok una costante scalare. Quest’ultima relazione scaturisce da plausibili ipotesi sulle interazioni solutosolvente e solvente-solvente che conducono rispettivamente a $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)}$$ e $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ , rappresentandok la loro intensità relativa. Nonostante le notevoli differenze strutturali esistenti fra le molecole dei due soluti usati, si fa rilevare per ambedue soddisfacente accordo tra teoria e risultati sperimentali. Tale accordo è essanzialmente indipendente dall’incertezza con cui sono conosciuti i parametri implicati. Inoltre, si mostra che dalle misure qui riportate si possono anche ottenere importanti parametri molecolari.
    Abstract: Реэюме В работе приводятся иэмерения сверхтонкой структуры иg-факторов двух спиновых N2O меток вp-аэоксианиэоле, хорошо иqqeвестном одноосном нематическом жидком кристалле. В качестве молекул спиновой метки испольэуются: 1) 17β-гидрокси-4′, 4′-деметилспиро-/5α-андростан-3, 2′-оксаэолидин/-3-илоксил, и 2) 2-(3-карбоксипропил)-4,4-диметил-2-тридецил-3-оксаэолидинило ксил метиловый сложный эфир. Иэвестно, что первое соединение имеет жесткую, а второе—гибкую структуры. Полученные реэультаты демонстрируют справедливость нашей модели, которая свяэывает тенэор ориентационного порядка $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ жидких кристаллов с величинами, иэмеренными с помощью техники злектронного спинового реэонанса. Предложенная модель свободна от ограничений, свяэанных с природой молекул растворенног о вещества, жесткостью или гибкостью. Свяэь между непосредственно иэмеренными величинами и компонентами $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ усганавливается в два этапа: сначала иэмеренные величины свяэываются c $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)}$$ тенэором параметров порядка, определяющим единичный вектор вдоль так наэываемой длинной оси молекул растворенного вещества, а эатем испольэуется соотношение $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)} = k\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ , гдеk есть скалярная константа. Последнее соотношение получено на основе правдоподобных предположений о вэаимодействиях растворенного вещества и растворителя и молекул растворителя между собой, которые приводят к $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)}$$ и $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ соответственно, аk характериэует относительную интенсивность вэаимодействий. Несмотря на эначительные структурные раэличия, существующие между двумя рассматриваемыми молекулами растворенного вещества, для обоих веществ наблюдается удовлетворительное согласие между теорией и экспериментом. Полученное согласие не эависит от неопределенностей нашего энания параметров, входящих в эадачу. Кроме того, мы отмечаем, что важные молекулярные параметры могут быть получены иэ таких иэмерений.
    Notes: Summary We present here measurements of hyperfine splittings andg factors of two nitroxide spin probes dissolved inp-azoxyanisole, a wellknown uniaxial nematic liquid crystal, about one part to a million in their molecular ratio. The spin probe molecules used are 1) 17β-hydroxy-4′, 4′-dimethylspiro-/5α-androstane-3, 2′-oxazolidin/-3′-yloxyl, and 2) 2-(3-Carboxypropyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-tridecyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl methyl ester; the former is known to have rigid and the latter flexible structures. These results are used to demonstrate the validity of our model that relates the orientational-order tensor $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ of liquid crystals to the above quantities obtained by the electron spin resonance technique. The model is free of restrictions on the nature of the solute molecules, rigid or flexible. The relation between these directly measured quantities and the components of $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ is established in two steps: first by relating them to $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)}$$ , an order parameter tensor defined by a unit vector along the so-called long axis of solute molecules, and then by the use of $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)} = k\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ , wherek is a scalar constant. This latter relation is obtained on the plausible arguments of solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions giving rise to $${\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow}^{(p)}$$ and $$\mathop S\limits^ \leftrightarrow$$ , respectively, andk representing their relative strengths. In spite of appreciable structural differences existing between these two solute molecules, very satisfactory agreements between the theory and experiment are observed for both. Such agreements are essentially independent of uncertainties in our knowledge of the parameters involved. Furthermore, we show that important molecular parameters can also be obtained from such measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 254-263 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubule interphase-mitosis transition ; mitotic asynchrony ; maturing centrosomes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method for the detection of polymerized tubulin has been used to study the microtubule rearrangements during mitosis in PtK1 and HeLa multinucleate cells obtained by polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-mediated fusion. We demonstrate here that the transition of the microtubular cytoskeleton from interphase to mitosis is an inducible event and independent of the factor(s) responsible for chromatin condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown. However, for the induction of the microtubule rearrangements nuclear envelope breakdown is required. At midprophase, cytoskeletal microtubule rearrangements start for multinucleate PtK1 cells, whereas in HeLa cells such changes are delayed, and a more abrupt transition is observed here. After complete nuclear envelope breakdown (prometaphase) mitotic asters and spindles but no cytoplasmic (interphase) microtubuli can be observed in both systems. Metaphase is characterized by an interaction between the different mitotic poles which show the form of bipolar spindles, but individual separated mitotic poles far removed from the chromatin can also be seen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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