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  • Springer  (62)
  • Springer Nature  (25)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • 1985-1989  (60)
  • 1955-1959  (16)
  • 1930-1934  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial experience with carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 1 (1986), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser laparoscopy ; CO2 laser ; Endometriosis ; Adhesions ; Infertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adhesions and endometriosis are commonly encountered among patients presenting with pelvic or lower abdominal pain and also in a significant proportion of infertile patients. Laparoscopic investigation is usual in patients with these problems, and it has been possible to perform endoscopic surgery with special scissors and electrodiathermy. These methods can cause troublesome bleeding, and the diathermy produces high temperatures which can be hazardous if used in the vicinity of the bowel. The carbon dioxide laser can be used endoscopically to vaporize deposits of endometriosis and adhesions with great precision and virtually no bleeding. One hundred consecutive patients with endometriosis or adhesions were treated with the CO2 laser laparoscope and followed up for at least a year. Seventy-five per cent of patients with pain due to endometriosis were cured, and 68% of patients were better after laser laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Pregnancy rate in the previously infertile group with endometriosis was 64%. There were no complications due to the intra-abdominal use of CO2 laser energy under endoscopic control, although there is a need for a controlled trial. It appears that in the hands of an experienced laparoscopist this technique is safe and effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030734
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1986)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 1 (1986), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040245
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of two lipophilic antifolates: 2,4-diamino-5-(n-hexyl)-6-methylpyrimidine and 2,4-diamino-5-(n-heptyl)-6-methylpyrimidine ethanesulfonate (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 18 (1988), S. 755-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The 5-hexyl (I) and the 5-heptyl (II) analogs of 2,4-diamino-6-methylpyrimidine both crystallize in the space groupP21/c withZ=4. Unit cell parameters of I are C11H20N4·H2O,a=17.204(3),b=4.609(9),c=16.765(2)Å,β= 91.53(2)°; those of II are C12H23N4 +·C2H5SO3 −,a=12.489(1),b=16.702(2),c=8.9558(7)Å,β=99.208(8)°. The molecular packing of I contains one water, while II forms a salt with ethanesulfonic acid. The alkyl chain of I adopts an alltrans conformation; in contrast, II has onegauche orientation between carbons 2 and 3 of heptyl. These are the first structural data on two alkyl lipophilic antifolates with antineoplastic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase diagram and phase transitions of Krypton on graphite in the extended monolayer regime (1987)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 69 (1987), S. 347-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report high resolution x-ray diffraction studies of the structures and phase transitions of monolayer krypton, adsorbed on both powder and single crystal graphite substrates. A comprehensive series of powder diffraction profiles is used to construct the two dimensional phase diagram. The melting of the $$\sqrt 3 x\sqrt 3$$ commensurate solid is shown to be strongly first order throughout the region where tricritical behavior was previously thought to occur; fluid solid coexistence extends up to the termination of the commensurate phase at 130 K. A disordered weakly incommensurate phase is shown to be a reentrant fluid, a system which may be described as a disordered network of domain walls and which evolves continuously into a more conventional 2D fluid. This evolution is marked by the disappearance of satellite peaks which are caused by the modulation of the overlayer by the substrate. The freezing of the reentrant fluid into the commensurate phase is shown to be consistent with a chiral Potts transition, its freezing into the incommensurate solid consistent with a dislocation binding transition. Single crystal experiments reveal the orientation of the weakly incommensurate phase. The reentrant fluid is found to have no visible orientational fluctuations, manifesting isotropic diffraction peaks. This is attributed to the strong epitaxy of domain walls. The incommensurate solid is shown to undergo an aligned-rotated transition which is well described by zerotemperature calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307294
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary excretion of aluminium after administration in chelated forms (1959)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 15 (1959), S. 476-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Grad der Aluminiumausscheidung im Urin hängt, nach seiner Verabreichung in Form von Aluminiumchelat, vom verwendeten Chelat ab. Dies ist in Übereinstimmung mit anderen Metallen der Gruppe III. Die Ablagerung dieser Metalle im Skelett beruht wahrscheinlich auf der Stabilität ihrer Phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02158265
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimum design of Ocean bottom seismometers (1987)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 9 (1987), S. 47-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: ocean bottom seismometer optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) have been widely used during the past decade to collect seismic data for determination of the structure of the oceanic lithosphere, stress patterns in regions of earthquake activity, and geoacoustic parameters of the ocean floor. Data quality from these experiments has often been disappointing because of poor signal quality and high noise levels. Many of these problems result from motion of the OBS package that is decoupled from motion of the ocean floor. These coupling problems are more serious in the ocean than on land because of the low shear strengths of most ocean sediments. In this paper we continue to develop the theory of coupling of OBSs to soft sediments and arrive at results suggesting that OBS packages should be designed with: (1) the minimum mass possible, (2) radius of area in contact with the sediment proportional to the cube root of the mass, and the maximum radius less than 1/4 of the shear wavelength, (3) density of the OBS approximately that of the sediment, (4) a low profile and a small vertical cross section with water, and (5) low density gradients, and maximum symmetry about the vertical axis. Agreement of the theory with test data is good; most deviations are reasonable, given limitations of the theory and experiments. The theory also suggests that the coupling frequency, the frequency above which the OBS does not follow the motion of the sediment, is directly proportional to the sediment shear velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338250
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1985)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 7 (1985), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01449547
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences (1988)
    Springer
    Machine learning 3 (1988), S. 9-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Incremental learning ; prediction ; connectionism ; credit assignment ; evaluation functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This article introduces a class of incremental learning procedures specialized for prediction-that is, for using past experience with an incompletely known system to predict its future behavior. Whereas conventional prediction-learning methods assign credit by means of the difference between predicted and actual outcomes, the new methods assign credit by means of the difference between temporally successive predictions. Although such temporal-difference methods have been used in Samuel's checker player, Holland's bucket brigade, and the author's Adaptive Heuristic Critic, they have remained poorly understood. Here we prove their convergence and optimality for special cases and relate them to supervised-learning methods. For most real-world prediction problems, temporal-difference methods require less memory and less peak computation than conventional methods and they produce more accurate predictions. We argue that most problems to which supervised learning is currently applied are really prediction problems of the sort to which temporal-difference methods can be applied to advantage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning to Predict by the Methods of Temporal Differences (1988)
    Springer
    Machine learning 3 (1988), S. 9-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Incremental learning ; prediction ; connectionism ; credit assignment ; evaluation functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This article introduces a class of incremental learning procedures specialized for prediction – that is, for using past experience with an incompletely known system to predict its future behavior. Whereas conventional prediction-learning methods assign credit by means of the difference between predicted and actual outcomes, the new methods assign credit by means of the difference between temporally successive predictions. Although such temporal-difference methods have been used in Samuel's checker player, Holland's bucket brigade, and the author's Adaptive Heuristic Critic, they have remained poorly understood. Here we prove their convergence and optimality for special cases and relate them to supervised-learning methods. For most real-world prediction problems, temporal-difference methods require less memory and less peak computation than conventional methods and they produce more accurate predictions. We argue that most problems to which supervised learning is currently applied are really prediction problems of the sort to which temporal-difference methods can be applied to advantage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022633531479
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of two forms of the Ly-6.2 antigen showing differential expression (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 21 (1985), S. 539-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A monoclonal antibody to the Ly-6.2 specificity, defined by strain and tissue distribution, was used to identify the cellular antigens of lymphocytes and tumor cell lines. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of immune precipitates demonstrated that the Ly-6.2 antigen on the surface of thymus and the T lymphoma EL-4 was a protein of 34 kd, whereas spleen cells showed two Ly-6.2 molecules of 34 kd and 56 kd. In vitro translation of EL-4 T-lymphoma poly A+ RNA followed by immunoprecipitation showed the synthesis of two Ly-6.2 precursor polypeptides. These two precursors were translated from separable mRNA molecules; the larger encoded a 54 kd polypeptide, while the second, smaller one translated a 36 kd polypeptide. Thus, the T lymphoma EL-4 contains two distinct mRNA, but only one is seen on the surface, while spleen cells contain and translate both mRNAs and both surface forms are detected. What determines the utilization of the two mRNAs and the surface expression of the two different proteins in the different tissues is not known. Whether the two mRNAs are the transcripts of one gene or arise by transcription of two separate but closely linked genes remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395878
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