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  • Springer  (62)
  • Springer Nature  (25)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (6)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • 1985-1989  (66)
  • 1955-1959  (16)
  • 1930-1934  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency dependence of quasiparticle mixers (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3967-3977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analysis of the frequency dependence of superconductor-insulator-normal (SIN) and superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) quasiparticle mixers is presented. Power-law expressions for conversion loss and mixer shot-noise temperature for the double-sideband SIN mixer are derived from the Tucker theory for the case of a source conductance which is small compared to the conductance of the junction. For an ideal SIN tunnel junction at T=0 the mixer conversion efficiency is shown to decrease approximately linearly with frequency up to f=Δ/h. From f=Δ/h to 2Δ/h the conversion efficiency remains approximately constant, while above f=2Δ/h it rolls off as the inverse square of the frequency. Expressions for the shot-noise contribution to the mixer noise temperature are also derived. At frequencies up to f=Δ/h the noise temperature rises as the square root of the frequency. From f=Δ/h to f=2Δ/h the noise temperature of the mixer increases linearly with frequency, whereas above f=2Δ/h it rises as the cube of the frequency. Conversion efficiency and noise temperature are also calculated numerically for the SIN mixer. Good agreement is found between the frequency dependencies calculated analytically in the limit of small local oscillator power and the numerical calculations for optimal pumping. The frequency dependence of the nonideal SIS junction is also analyzed, and shown to yield similar results, with the characteristic frequencies Δ/h and 2Δ/h for a SIN mixer transformed into 2Δ/h and 4Δ/h, respectively. Expressions also are derived for the saturation power as a function of frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337519
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse ac Josephson effect at terahertz frequencies (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2772-2786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The inverse ac Josephson effect occurs when a Josephson junction driven by a microwave source of frequency f produces constant-voltage steps at integer multiples of hf/2e. For low-leakage current hysteretic junctions driven at microwave frequencies below about 100 GHz, some of these steps can cross the zero dc bias current axis. These zero-crossing steps allow modern series array voltage standards to operate without individually biasing the junctions in the array. We reexamine the theory behind these steps and show that they can exist at frequencies much higher than thought previously. The Riedel singularity in the supercurrent response allows this effect to exist even up to terahertz frequencies. We describe a set of analytical calculations which provide limits on the amount of rounding of the Riedel peak which can be permitted while still allowing these zero-crossing steps to occur. We also discuss practical considerations such as microwave power levels required and parameters for device fabrication. This analysis is supported by numerical frequency-domain computations and time-domain simulations for a number of realistic I-V curves with rounded Riedel singularities and with quasiparticle subgap leakage currents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342768
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical analysis of stimulated Raman conversion (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The rate equations for stimulated electronic Raman scattering are presented for a general case, including linear absorption, atom and pump photon depletion, and variable beam geometry. Nondimensional variables are introduced, resulting in a simple procedure for optimization of Raman cell design and performance. A numerical solution of the detailed model is shown for a specific case, and the effects of the various parameters on the conversion efficiency are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336687
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering by air heated from an aerosol due to pulsed irradiation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2195-2198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The problem of the scattering by air which has been locally heated by aerosols irradiated by a short pulse, for example, by a pulsed laser, is addressed through the use of the heat conduction equation and scattering theory. The resulting air scattering cross section increases as with the square of the absorbed fluence. After a pulse, it increases to a maximum and then decays as the inverse of time. For absorbed fluences greater than 2 J/cm2, the air scattering cross section can exceed that of the aerosol itself. For multiple irradiation pulses, the air scattering cross section reaches a maximum asymptotic limit. For an aerosol cloud, the air scattering cross section decays exponentially after the thermal wave from an aerosol reaches one-third of the interparticle spacing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342829
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The UV-visible spectroscopy of laser-produced aluminum plasmas (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4771-4780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical emission spectra (180–760 nm) of plasmas produced by a flashlamp-pumped dye laser focused on an aluminum target have been recorded and analyzed. In the incident intensity range from near plasma threshold to 5×107 W/cm2 the electron temperature was calculated from the relative emission intensity of Al(II) states (Te=8.0×103 K). The electron density was determined from Stark broadened linewidths of four Al(II) lines. Both the spatial and temporal dependence of the emission spectra were obtained providing a map of the electron density and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338815
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumentation for millisecond-resolution scattering studies (invited) : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1537-1540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time-resolved x-ray scattering studies of phase transition kinetics have been carried out using the wide-bandpass monochromator and fast linear position-sensitive detector system at the IBM/MIT beamline X-20C at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). We report here on the instrumentation that has been developed for these studies, and in particular on the methods used to measure, change, and control sample temperature with millisecond resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141031
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial experience with carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 1 (1986), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser laparoscopy ; CO2 laser ; Endometriosis ; Adhesions ; Infertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adhesions and endometriosis are commonly encountered among patients presenting with pelvic or lower abdominal pain and also in a significant proportion of infertile patients. Laparoscopic investigation is usual in patients with these problems, and it has been possible to perform endoscopic surgery with special scissors and electrodiathermy. These methods can cause troublesome bleeding, and the diathermy produces high temperatures which can be hazardous if used in the vicinity of the bowel. The carbon dioxide laser can be used endoscopically to vaporize deposits of endometriosis and adhesions with great precision and virtually no bleeding. One hundred consecutive patients with endometriosis or adhesions were treated with the CO2 laser laparoscope and followed up for at least a year. Seventy-five per cent of patients with pain due to endometriosis were cured, and 68% of patients were better after laser laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Pregnancy rate in the previously infertile group with endometriosis was 64%. There were no complications due to the intra-abdominal use of CO2 laser energy under endoscopic control, although there is a need for a controlled trial. It appears that in the hands of an experienced laparoscopist this technique is safe and effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030734
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1986)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 1 (1986), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040245
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of two lipophilic antifolates: 2,4-diamino-5-(n-hexyl)-6-methylpyrimidine and 2,4-diamino-5-(n-heptyl)-6-methylpyrimidine ethanesulfonate (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 18 (1988), S. 755-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The 5-hexyl (I) and the 5-heptyl (II) analogs of 2,4-diamino-6-methylpyrimidine both crystallize in the space groupP21/c withZ=4. Unit cell parameters of I are C11H20N4·H2O,a=17.204(3),b=4.609(9),c=16.765(2)Å,β= 91.53(2)°; those of II are C12H23N4 +·C2H5SO3 −,a=12.489(1),b=16.702(2),c=8.9558(7)Å,β=99.208(8)°. The molecular packing of I contains one water, while II forms a salt with ethanesulfonic acid. The alkyl chain of I adopts an alltrans conformation; in contrast, II has onegauche orientation between carbons 2 and 3 of heptyl. These are the first structural data on two alkyl lipophilic antifolates with antineoplastic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164296
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase diagram and phase transitions of Krypton on graphite in the extended monolayer regime (1987)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 69 (1987), S. 347-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report high resolution x-ray diffraction studies of the structures and phase transitions of monolayer krypton, adsorbed on both powder and single crystal graphite substrates. A comprehensive series of powder diffraction profiles is used to construct the two dimensional phase diagram. The melting of the $$\sqrt 3 x\sqrt 3$$ commensurate solid is shown to be strongly first order throughout the region where tricritical behavior was previously thought to occur; fluid solid coexistence extends up to the termination of the commensurate phase at 130 K. A disordered weakly incommensurate phase is shown to be a reentrant fluid, a system which may be described as a disordered network of domain walls and which evolves continuously into a more conventional 2D fluid. This evolution is marked by the disappearance of satellite peaks which are caused by the modulation of the overlayer by the substrate. The freezing of the reentrant fluid into the commensurate phase is shown to be consistent with a chiral Potts transition, its freezing into the incommensurate solid consistent with a dislocation binding transition. Single crystal experiments reveal the orientation of the weakly incommensurate phase. The reentrant fluid is found to have no visible orientational fluctuations, manifesting isotropic diffraction peaks. This is attributed to the strong epitaxy of domain walls. The incommensurate solid is shown to undergo an aligned-rotated transition which is well described by zerotemperature calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307294
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