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  • Organic Chemistry  (328)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (137)
  • AIRCRAFT
  • 1985-1989  (209)
  • 1955-1959  (87)
  • 1930-1934  (94)
  • 1925-1929  (79)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data from the Vega 1 permitted the determination of the total neutral gas density profile along the spacecraft trajectory. Discounting small fluctuations, the field ionization source instrument measured a density profile which varied approximately as the inverse radial distance squared. Data from the electron impact ionization instrument yielded a series of calibration points; e.g., the neutral density at 100,000 km is 10,000/cc. The combined data provide a calibrated total density profile, and imply a neutral production rate of 10 to the 30th power molecules/sec.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Proceedings of the 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet. Volume 1: Plasma and Gas; p 391-395
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The neutral gas experiment (ING) aboard the Vega 1 spacecraft detected cometary gas within a distance of 60,000 km from the nucleus of comet Halley. A preliminary inspection of the data permits an analysis of the variation in neutral gas density. Fine structure was detected in the spatial disribution of lower-mass species.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 321; 273
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The paper briefly characterizes the two known terrestrial meteorite craters on trapp rock: (1) Lonar, India (diameter 1,8 km) and Logancha, USSR (diameter 20 km). The features these craters have in common are identified, and their differences from problems on other types of targets are indicated. The probable reasons for these differences are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-88484 , NAS 1.15:88484
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Prognoz-10/Intercosmos satellite (Intershock Project) carried out observations from Earth orbit from 26 April 1985 until 11 November 1985, covering STIP Intervals XVII and XVIII. Data obtained during the systematic measurements in the course of STIP Interval XVII and part of XVIII are presented; i.e., hourly averages of the solar wind velocity, temperature and ion concentration, ion flux changes (10 to the -1 to 10 to the -3 Hz), plasma wave parameters, energetic particles flux, magnetic fields, etc. Special attention is paid to solar wind distrubances causing abrupt and large effects on the shape of the bow shock (i.e., on 2 May 1985 and 14 September 1985). Generally, the observation period was very close to a minimum of solar activity and was quiet without significant interplanetary shocks.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Alabama Univ., Huntsville. STIP Symposium on Physical Interpretation of Solar(Interplanetary and Cometary Intervals; p 58
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The distribution of orbital elements and flux density over the celestial sphere are the most common forms of representation of the meteor body distribution in the vicinity of the Earth's orbit. The determination of flux density distribution of sporadic meteor bodies was worked out. The method and its results are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 25; p 298-304
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Complex photographic and radar meteor observations were carried out. Using the available observational data, the density of incident flux of meteoroids was estimated over a wide mass range of 0.001 to 100 g. To avoid the influence of apparatus selectivity a special technique was applied. The main characteristics of this technique are given and discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 25; p 294-297
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A hydrodynamical model to describe the movement of the thermalized charged components in the inner ionosphere of comet Halley is presented. Photoelectrons are included by applying a two-stream-type approach. The numerical scheme describes shock transitions in a natural way. Solutions are obtained for a number of different assumptions concerning electron heating rates but all show that the electron temperature increases sharply where the collisional electron neutral coupling becomes unimportant. This temperature increase is accompanied by an increase in the plasma pressure and in its associated polarization electric field, and causes the plasma flow to go subsonic. In certain cases this transition occurs as an inner shock which may explain the observed ion pile-up in Halley's comet.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Proceedings of the 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet. Volume 1: Plasma and Gas; p 235-239
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Data obtained by the Tunde-M experiment aboard the Vega 1 spacecraft indicate that the energetic ion flux begins to increase at a distance of about 10 to the 7th km outside Halley's bow shock, with a number of large enhancements superimposed on the general flux level. The energy spectra of ions were determined in the solar wind reference frame by fitting Maxwellian distributions to the ion fluxes in the relevant energy range, between about 90 and 120 keV; they indicate that the temperatures of the Maxwellian at cometocentric distances of 1-2 million km are similar to the temperatures measured just outside the bow shock of Comet G-Z.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 185-196
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A review is presented concerning the gravitational lensing of supernovae by intervening condensed objects, including dark matter candidates such as dim stars and black holes. the expansion of the supernova beam within the lens produces characteristic time-dependent amplification and polarization which depend upon the mass of the lens. The effects of the shearing of the beam due to surrounding masses are considered, although the study of these effects is confined to isolated masses whose size is much less than that of the supernova (about 10 to the 15th cm). Equations for the effects of lensing and graphs comparing these effects in different classes of supernovae are compared. It is found that candidates for lensing would be those supernovae at least as bright as their parent galaxy, or above the range of luminosities expected for their spectral class.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics; Dec 14, 1986 - Dec 19, 1986; Chicago, IL; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Amplification statistics of gravitationally lensed supernovae can provide a valuable probe of the lensing matter in the universe. A general probability distribution for amplification by compact objects is derived which allows calculation of the lensed fraction of supernovae at or greater than an amplification A and at or less than an apparent magnitude. Comparison of the computed fractions with future results from ongoing supernova searches can lead to determination of the mass density of compact dark matter components with masses greater than about 0.001 solar mass, while the time-dependent amplification (and polarization) of the expanding supernovae constrain the individual masses. Type II supernovae are found to give the largest fraction for deep surveys, and the optimum flux-limited search is found to be at approximately 23d magnitude, if evolution of the supernova rate is neglected.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 324; 786-793
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