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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (7)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • Springer
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of two actin genes during larval development in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Echinoderm ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the first measurements of cell number, total RNA, and transcript accumulations for two actin genes during larval development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. At 5 weeks of feeding, when development of laboratory-raised larvae is completed, the cell number has increased about 100-fold with respect to the pluteus-stage embryo to about 150,000 ± 50,000, and the total RNA has increased 46-fold to about 130 ng per larva. The transcripts of the Cylla cytoskeletal actin gene, which is expressed in adult tissues, continue to accumulate throughout larval development. A contrasting pattern of transcript accumulation is observed for Cyllla, a different cytoskeletal actin gene that in the embryo is expressed only in aboral ectoderm. These transcripts increase in number early in larval development, when the larval epidermis is differentiating, and then decline in quantity. It is known that at metamorphosis the larval epidermis is largely histolyzed and that the Cyllla gene is not expressed in the juvenile or adult.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of water in unfertilized and fertilized sea urchin eggs (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 439-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The water in unfertilized and fertilized sea urchin eggs was characterized with a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration method assuming fast proton diffusion (FPD) between water compartments. This method involves stepwise dehydration with sequential T1 relaxation time and water content determinations. The results analyzed by the FPD model give evidence of intracellular water compartments with three different correlation times: 6 × 10-12 sec (bulk water), 1 × 10-10 sec (structured water) and about 2 × 10-9 sec (bound water). Fertilization is accompanied by a substantial increase in bulk water (from 111 to 414 g H2O per 100 g dry mass) and by a decrease in the water of hydration (from 128 g to 56 g per 100 g dry mass). This study shows that 54% of the water in the unfertilized sea urchin egg has motional properties different from bulk water and that this percentage decreases dramatically shortly after fertilization. Most of the change in T1 relaxation rate observed at fertilization can be accounted for by uptake of bulk water associated with elevation of the fertilization membrane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041270313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle changes in water properties in sea urchin eggs (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 14-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study concerned changes in the motional properties of cellular water during the first cell cycle of fertilized sea urchin eggs (Lytechinus variegatus). There was a significant decrease in proton NMR T1 relaxation time and in cytoplasmic ice crystal growth during mitosis and a significant increase in T1 time and cytoplasmic ice crystal size during cleavage. This was not caused by egg water content changes as reflected by egg volume measurements. Removal of both the fertilization membrane and the hyaline layer shortly after fertilization did not alter the pattern of T1 time changes at mitosis and cleavage as compared to whole eggs; thus, the pattern of T1 time changes was attributed to intracellular events. Treatment of fertilized eggs with cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, did not block the fall in T1 time at mitosis, but did block cytokinesis and the increase in T1 time, which normally occurred at cleavage. A significant pattern of actin disassembly and reassembly at mitosis and cytokinesis was found by studies on the total amount of monomeric actin (G actin) using the DNase I assay. This led to the hypothesis that the observed changes in T1 time and ice crystal size during the first cell cycle were due to the depolymerization and polymerization of cytoplasmic actin. To test this, the effect of the in vitro polymerization of purified actin on the T1 time and on ice crystal growth was examined. It was concluded that changes in the T1 time and ice crystal growth upon polymerization of actin in vitro resembled the changes seen in vivo. These results suggest that changes in the motional properties of cytoplasmic water during the first cell cycle are due, at least in part, to the state of polymerization of cytoplasmic actin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041330103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of plasma membrane and of cytomatrix in maintenance of intracellular to extracellular ion gradients in chicken erythrocytes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 137 (1988), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural observations in combination with electron probe X-ray microanalysis on detergent (Brij 58) permeabilized (disruption of the plasma membrane) nucleated chicken erythrocytes support the view that a large fraction of cytoplasmic and nuclear K+ is not freely diffusible and that adsorption of K+ on detergent released mobilizable proteins exists within the cell. The data also suggest that the detergent proteins are normally immobilized by a detergent-resistant cytoskeleton so that they are not immediately free to diffuse from the cell for several minutes after detergent disruption of the plasma membrane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041370213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial distribution of dividing and DNA-synthesizing cells in mouse epitheliumResearch sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation. (1965)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 66 (1965), S. 431-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cells of the germinal layer of mouse esophageal epithelium were used for quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of proliferating cells. In tritiated thymidine autoradiographs the nonsynthesizing cells between synthesizing (or dividing) cells were counted, rather than counting the dividing cells in pre-established grid units. Dividing and DNA-synthesizing cells are almost random in spatial distribution, but there is an excess of labeled or dividing cells immediately adjacent to one another over what would be expected if the spatial distribution were random. Two possible explanations for the excess of adjacent proliferating cells are suggested: (a) direct cellular interaction or local humoral influences, and (b) phasing of adjacent cells which have a common line of descent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030660315
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of revertants of stmF mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum: Evidence that stmF is the structural gene of the cgmp-specific phosphodiesterase (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; revertants of stmF mutants ; cGMP metabolism ; cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase ; suppressor mutations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: stmF mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum produce long, banded aggregation streams on growth plates and exhibit altered cGMP metabolism. To learn more about the role of cGMP in chemotaxis and the nature of the defect in these mutants, 15 nonstreaming (Stm+) revertants of two stmF mutants were isolated and characterized. Fourteen of the revertants continued to show the elevated cAMP-induced cGMP response and very low cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cGPD) activity characteristic of their stmF parents. Parasexual genetic analysis revealed that many of these Stm+ revertants carried phenotypic suppressors unlinked to stmF. One Stm+ revertant, strain HC344, exhibited a low, prolonged cGMP response and relatively high cGPD activity throughout development. To determine whether the elevated cGPD activity in this revertant resulted from increased enzyme production or enhanced enzyme activity, cGPDs were partially purified from the wild-type strain, the stmF parent and revertant HC344, and properties of the enzymes were compared. cGPDs from the stmF mutant and the revertant showed similar differences from the wild-type enzyme in kinetic properties, thermal stability, and sensitivity to certain inhibitors. These results suggest that stmF is the structural gene of the cGPD. In addition, the unusual cGMP response in revertant HC344 appeared to be due to increased production of an altered cGPD.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020060303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extent and properties of nonbulk “bound” water in crystalline lens cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 137 (1988), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Crystalline lenses provided good material to study and measure the properties of cellular water. Different methods were used to establish the extent and properties of nonbulk water in mammalian lenses. These methods include: NMR titration analysis, a test of the osmotic properties, a test of dye exclusion In lenses with intact cell membranes and in lenses with disrupted cell membranes, and the water-holding capacity of lenses subjected to 40,000 × g for 1 hour with intact cell membranes and in lenses with disrupted cell membranes. The data from these methods, as well as other data from the literature, lead to the conclusion that most, if not all, of the water in lens cells (up to 2.2 g water/g dry mass) has motional and osmotic properties that distinguish it from bulk water. These findings call into question the common and convenient assumption that all but a small proportion of cellular water is like that in dilute solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041370115
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