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  • Chemical Engineering  (10)
  • Pearl millet  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1965-1969  (3)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of Azospirillum brasilense with pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Pearl millet ; Seed inoculation ; Grain yield ; Microscopic observation ; Root biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Microscopic observations of the root system of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) var. BJ 104 after surface sterilization and incubation in phosphate malate triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) revealed extensive colonization by Azospirillum spp. when plants were grown in sterile, partially sterile and field conditions as evidenced by the TTC-reducing property of active cells of the bacterium. Quantitative studies showed the need to standardize the techniques further to ensure more precise monitoring of the bacteria in the rhizosphere, as large numbers of soil bacteria were found capable of growth on specific media, thus interfering with the plate counts. Seed inoculation with A. brasilense increased the mean grain yield of pearl millet under different agroclimatic conditions in India. The mean increase in grain yield due to inoculation over uninoculated controls was also noticed with graded levels of fertilizer nitrogen (urea). Inoculation alone contributed to increased nitrogen uptake of plants with varying levels of fertilizer nitrogen application under sandy loam soil conditions (pH 7.3). The effects of inoculation were more prominent under lower levels of nitrogen than at the higher levels. The root biomass under field conditions was increased with Azospirillum spp. inoculation at 10 and 20 kg N/ha than their corresponding uninoculated controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280358
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New sources of dwarfing genes in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pearl millet ; Dwarfs ; Inheritance ; Complementary genes ; Allelic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Thirteen naturally occurring dwarf lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke], identified from the world collection, varied for several morphological and agronomic characters. Extreme dwarfs were characterized by a tufted growth habit which could be distinguished from the time of germination, while the other dwarf lines could be distinguished only after anthesis. The F1 hybrids between the tall and dwarf genotypes were tall, indicating that dwarfness is a recessive trait. In 10 out of the 13 crosses, the F2 segregation ratio was three tall to one dwarf (3∶1) suggesting that the dwarfness is controlled by a single recessive gene, while the height differences in 3 of the dwarfs (IP 8056, IP 8210 and IP 8214) were controlled by more than one gene as they showed continuous variation for plant height in F2. When the remaining 10 single gene dwarfs were crossed to either d 1 (‘Tift 238’) or d 2 (‘Tift 23 DB’) dwarfs, only 2 crosses produced tall F2 hybrids and they segregated for height in F2 indicating that these 2 dwarfs are non-allelic to d 1 and d 2. Reciprocal crosses of these 2 dwarfs produced tall F1 hybrids and showed a dihybrid segregation of 9∶3∶4 in F2 indicating that the dwarfing genes of these 2 parents are non-allelic to each other. These non-allelic dwarfs were assigned the gene symbols d 3 (IP 10401), and d 4 (IP 10402).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289271
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trisomic categories in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 340-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pearl millet ; Primary ; Secondary ; Tertiary trisomy ; Interchanges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke], in the open pollinated and crossed progenies of autotriploids, desynaptics and translocation heterozygotes, two primary trisomics, one each of secondary and tertiary trisomics, two primary trisomics with interchanges, two interchange secondary trisomics, and three interchange tertiary trisomics were located. These categories were determined on the basis of chromosomal associations formed at meiosis. In one other trisomic, its category, whether tertiary or interchange trisomy, could not be determined. Some of these categories, like the secondary trisomy and interchange tertiary trisomy, are reported for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303974
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic relationship of four male sterility genes and nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in the expression of male sterility in pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L.) leeke (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 576-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pearl millet ; Genic male sterility ; Allelism ; Cytoplasmic factors ; Cytoplasmic mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Male sterility genes isolated in four inbred lines of pearl millet were found allelic. The differences between male fertile and male sterile phenotypes is mainly due to a single gene. Presence of a dominant gene (Ms) resulted in male fertility and double recessiveness (ms ms) in male sterility. However, genic male sterility (GMS) in Pennisetum is not a simply inherited case of monogenic recessive condition but is influenced by cytoplasmic and several nuclear factors. In a male sterile, the stage at which the male sterility gene is expressed during the development of the male gametophyte resulting in breakdown of the cells is influenced by cytoplasmic and other nuclear factors. Two types of cytoplasm, C-1 and C-2, are recognized. Presence of any two recessive male sterility alleles in C-1 led to breakdown of male development before differentiation of an archesporium in the anther (Arc-type); in C-2 cytoplasm, degeneration started during meiosis with fusion of meiocytes and syncyte formation (Syn-type), or at post-meiotic stages terminating in abortion of microspores before first pollen mitosis (PGM type). The triggering of activity of recessive male sterility genes in C-2 cytoplasm appeared to be regulated by two nuclear factors, R 1 and R 2 with duplicate gene action. Recessiveness for both the R factors in C-2 cytoplasm resulted in PGM-type expression. The action of R 1 and R 2 is specific to C-2 cytoplasm. Mutation of cytoplasm from C-1 to C-2 and C-2 to C-1 was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274283
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of combined inoculation ofAzospirillum brasilense and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Pearl millet ; VA Mycorrhizal fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Growth and phosphorus uptake of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) on an unsterile, phosphorus-deficient soil was improved by the seed inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense or soil inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Acaulospora,Gigaspora margarita, Glomus fasciculatum). These microorganisms acted synergistically when added simultaneously and the response was significant withAzospirillum brasilense + Gigaspora margarita andAzospirillum brasilense + Glomus fasciculatum combinations over uninoculated control as far as the dry matter content of shoots, root biomass and phosphorus uptake of the millet was concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143192
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Most probable numbers of Azospirillum associated with the roots of inoculated pearl millet (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum ; Inoculation ; MPN ; Pearl millet ; Root exudates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculation of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) with Azospirillum significantly increased the numbers of this organism in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, washed and crushed roots and surface sterilized and crushed roots. The maximum number of organisms plant−1 were localized in the rhizosphere. The numbers of Azospirillum on the roots of inoculated plants grown under sterilized conditions were much higher than in the field grown plants. In both cases populations outside the roots were higher than in the surface sterilized roots. The highest numbers per unit root weight were recorded between 60–75 days of growth. N2-ase activity throughout the growth cycle was very low and was not related to the populations of Azospirillum on the roots. Root exudates and extracts of pearl millet showed a stimulatory effect on the growth of Azospirillum suggesting their possible involvement in the colonization of this organism on the roots of inoculated plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140676
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1575-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350923
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in mechanically agitated contactors (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1332-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Critical impeller speed for the suspension of solid particles, Ncs, has been measured in 0.3, 0.4, 0.57, 1.0, and 1.5 m ID mechanically agitated contactors. Tap water and quartz particles (100, 340, 700, 850, 2,000 μm) were used as liquid and solid phase, respectively. The impeller speed was varied from 3.5 to 13.3 r/s and solid loading from 0 to 50 wt. %. Three types of impellers were employed: disk turbine, pitched turbine downflow, and pitched turbine upflow. The impeller diameter to vessel diameter ratio was varied in the range 0.175 to 0.58 and the impeller blade width to impeller diameter ratio was varied in the range 0.25 to 0.4. The impeller clearance from the tank bottom was varied from 0.5 to 0.167 of tank diameter. The effect of impeller blade thickness was also studied.The pitched-blade impellers were found to be more efficient than a conventional disk turbine, and the pitched turbine downflow type was found to be more efficient than a pitched turbine upflow impeller. An attempt has been made to explain the mechanism of suspension on a rational basis and a correlation has been proposed for the estimation of Ncs that is expected to be useful in design.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340811
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis and synergism in the reduction smelting of lead sulfide with carbon and lime (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 918-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The catalyzed direct reduction of lead sulfide with carbon and lime was investigated at several temperatures and under two different inert gas atmospheres. The catalyzed reduction kinetics were determined both with a nitrogen atmosphere and a helium-rich helium-nitrogen atmosphere. The reduction kinetics under the latter were decidedly superior to those under the former. The differences were interpreted in terms of faster diffusion rates in a helium medium and synergistic effects. The catalyst used was a ternay eutectic mixture (K, Li, Na)2CO3, which amounted to 2.5 wt. % of the PbS:4CaO:4C reaction mixture.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for pressure drop in two-phase gas-liquid downflow through packed columns (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1010-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nature of the interaction between the flowing phases in a cocurrent gas-liquid downflow through packed beds depends on the type of the flow regime. The interaction is poor and geometric in nature in gas-continuous flow and becomes high and dynamic in pulse flow due to gas dispersion, acceleration, and mixing of the liquid in the pulses. Models to calculate pressure drop in each of the flow regimes are presented, taking into account the respective interactions. Experimental data on pressure drops and liquid holdups were measured in gas-continuous flow for 3 mm glass spheres and 6 mm Raschig rings. An air-water system is used. The literature data on pressure drops and the experimental data, covering liquid velocities from 0.001 m/s to 0.029 m/s and gas velocities from 0.097 m/s to 2 m/s, were compared with the calculated values. It was found that the pressure drop due to dynamic interaction can be as low as 10% and as much as 80% of the total pressure drop for the data examined in this work. An empirical correlation for holdup in gas-continuous flow is given for Rashig rings.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310618
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