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  • Articles  (43)
  • 1985-1989  (30)
  • 1970-1974  (13)
  • Geography  (43)
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  • Articles  (43)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ECONOMICS OF AIR TRAVEL GRAVITY MODELS (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 10 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Starting with the aggregate demand model of economics, a model of demand for intercity air travel is developed which contains the gravity model as a less general submodel. The more general model is referred to as the alternative opportunities model since it takes account of alternative destinations open to travelers, not just origin and destination as does the gravity model. The demand model approach has the virtue of providing a theoretical basis for understanding and analyzing the gravity model.The gains from treating alternative locations and demand motivation variables are a substantial increase in explanatory power over that yielded by the gravity model, the identification of statistically significant determinants of air travel, and better measurement of the coefficients of population and distance by taking account of these other variables and somewhat better forecasts.A shortcoming of procedures used here is aggregation of air trips with different purposes and thus lack of clear specification of the size of effects of different variables on different types of travel. Overcoming this difficulty must await origin-destination data listed by trip purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1970.tb00057.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to DISCUSSION by Robert A. Young, Joel R. Hamilton, Norman K. Whittlesey, Richard L. Gardner, and William E. Martin“Aggregate Marginal Returns from Western Irrigated Agriculture” (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03056.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AGGREGATE MARGINAL RETURNS FROM WESTERN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Pressure is increasing in the western United States to reallocate water from irrigated agriculture to other competitive uses. Since water is normally allocated through water rights and not necessarily by the price system, the question of economic efficiency is a continual concern. Study results show that returns per acre-foot of water used in western irrigation are quite high and are closely tied to the livestock industry. Returns per acre-foot of water used for crops ranged from $60 to $1,500. When water was used to support livestock, returns per acre-foot ranged from $100 to $600. Clearly, losses of water supply that reduced irrigation production could also lower farm income significantly. Estimated returns also show what alternative uses would have to pay for water under competitive market conditions. Production elasticities are also shown for various states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00863.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEMAND IN SPACE: SOME NEGLECTED ASPECTS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 27 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1971.tb01504.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SET-UP COSTS AND THE THEORY OF EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 56 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Let there be several identical deposits of an exhaustible, non-renewable resource, the working of each deposit entailing a set-up cost but no other costs. It is found that the optimal path of extraction dictates that the deposits must be removed in strict sequence with discontinuities of marginal benefit at transition points. Moreover, the average rate of increase of marginal benefit is less than the rate of interest. These results embellish Hotelling's rule relating to optimal methods of resource extraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1985.tb00841.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISCUSSION: “Valuing Irrigation Water: A Simulation/Mathematical Programming Approach,” by D. J. Bernardo, N. K. Whittlesey, K. E. Saxton, and D. L. Bassett (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00945.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DROUGHT INDICATED IN CARBON-13/CARBON-12 RATIOS OF SOUTHWESTERN TREE RINGS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 25 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Stomatal closure during periods of moisture deficiency should theoretically lead to elevated 13C/12C ratios as reduction of available CO2 leads to diminished photosynthetic discrimination against 13C in favor of 12C. Stable-carbon isotope ratio chronologies developed from 5-yr tree-ring groups at 17 sites in six southwestern states were tested for a drought relationship by first fitting a spline curve to each chronology to remove the long-term trend and calculating indices as the ratio of actual to spline curve value. The time series of “Del Indices” so developed are significantly correlated with 5-yr mean Palmer Hydrological Drought Indices (post-1930 period) and reconstructed July Palmer Drought Severity Indices from respective areas. Overall, in the period since 1790, the driest pentads were 1900–04 and 1960–64, whereas the wettest were 1980–84 and 1915–19. Maps of drought represented for two pentads seem to be reasonable representations, although spatial correlations of Del Indices with PHDI were generally not significant. These Del Index drought reconstructions may provide a useful measure of past physiological response to drought (stomatal closure), although the present cost of analysis would prevent this from being a routine method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03070.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OUTPUT AND INVESTMENT FRONTIERS OF UNITED STATES IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Economic models sometimes indicate that irrigation water is misallocated in agriculture, especially when it appears that the marginal value product is higher in other uses (such as for hydro-power). Historically, trends tend to contradict this reasoning, however, especially since irrigation has grown from 20 million acres in 1940 to over 50 million acres in 1980. Results of this study tend to indicate that as agriculture becomes more and more intensive (in terms of inputs), irrigation is part of that long term trend. Further, major economic variables, such as output and investments in agriculture, appear to be more highly correlated with irrigated land than with dryland agriculture. Recent data indicate an upper limit of about 320 million acres for dryland farming in the United States, while no such constraint is apparent for irrigated agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05370.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demand in space: Some neglected aspects (1971)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 27 (1971), S. 45-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Summary This paper delves into a more explicit analysis of demand in space than has been undertaken heretofore. Utility theory is used to develop the concepts of spatial income-distribution effect, spatial-induced income effect, and spatial substitution effect, the effects on demand of changes or differences in location. Indifference curve analysis is employed to give a graphical interpretation to these concepts. The use of this general approach to demand in space makes it apparent that the usual assumption of uniform partial demand curves is logically inconsistent in a spatial context. An assumption of spatial homogeneity of general demand functions and of income distribution is found to imply (1) generally nonidentical partial demand curves at different points in space, and thus that the existence of the demand cone requires special conditions, (2) cases where purchases may rise with increasing distance from the mill, (3) the lack of independence among the ranges of different goods, and (4) nonuniformity in the size of ranges for a given good (a) sold at different centers and (b) sold in different directions from one center. Further work on this topic is indicated along the lines of loosening the many restrictions imposed during the analysis. Two-dimensional rather than the linear markets, discriminatory f.o.b. or equalized delivered pricing rather than nondiscriminatory f.o.b. pricing, and a transportation system with limited rather than ubiquitous access are some cases in point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954599
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air travel, spatial structure, and gravity models (1970)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 4 (1970), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294893
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