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  • GEOPHYSICS  (3)
  • Chemistry  (2)
  • Oceanography
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2365-2373 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Gelbildung bei Reaktionen von Triolen mit Dicarbonsäuredichloriden für verschiedene Verdünnungsgrade untersucht. Die Reaktionen wurden zwischen Adipolydichlorid bzw. Sebacoyldichlorid und Triolen von verschiedenen Molekulargewichten durchgeführt. Die Reaktionspaare wurden so ausgewählt, daß die Reaktionssysteme durch eine Skala von v-Werten gekennzeichnet waren, wobei v gleich der Zahl der Bindungen in der kleinstmöglichen Ringstruktur ist. In allen Fällen fand die Gelbildung bei Reaktionsumsätzen statt, die höher waren als von der Theorie von Flory-Stockmayer vorausgesagt wird. Das Ausmaß dieser Erhöhung wurde größer bei Verdünnung, und kleiner bei größeren v-Werten.Die Resultate werden mit einer Kombination der Gelbildungstheorien von Frisch und Kilb interpretiert, in der λ, der intramolekulare Verzweigungsparameter von Frisch, gegeben ist durch die Gleichung λ = konst. v-3/2 {(OH)0+(COCl)0}-1.
    Notes: Gelation in reactions of triols with dicarboxylic acid dichlorides was studied at various dilutions. Adipoyl dichloride and sebacoyl dichloride were reacted with three triols of different molecular weights. The pairs of reactants were chosen so that the reaction systems were characterised by a range of values of v, the number of bonds in the smallest ring structure which could form. In all cases gelation occurred at extents of reaction in excess of those predicted by the Flory-Stockmayer theory. The excess reaction increased with dilution, and decreased with increase in v.The results are interpreted in terms of a combination of Frisch's and Kilb's theories of gelation, in which λ, the intramolecular branching parameter of Frisch, is given by the equation λ = const. v-3/2{(OH)0+(COCl)0}-1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental program is described in which the capacitor-discharge initiation characteristics of a detonator containing a vacuum-deposited thin-film chromium bridge were studied. The objective of the effort was to define the conditions that would result in overall function times of 10 μs or less. The threshold initiation energy of the detonator was in the range of 11.5 mJ-20.0 mJ. Consistent performance was obtained from a firing energy of 54 mJ, which was achieved by a 5-μF capacitor charged to 147 V. Under these conditions, the average overall function time was 4.2 μs, with a standard deviation of 0.2 μs. Other tests showed that at higher capacitances and lower voltages the function time increased substantially and became more nonreproducible, even though the stored energy was considerably above the threshold value.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The evolution and long-time stability of a double layer (DL) in a discrete auroral arc requires that the parallel current in the arc, which may be considered uniform at the source, be diverted within the arc to charge the flanks of the U-shaped double layer potential structure. A simple model is presented in which this current redistribution is effected by anomalous transport based on electrostatic lower hybrid waves driven by the flank structure itself. This process provides the limiting constraint on the double layer potential. The flank charging may be represented as that of a nonlinear transmission line. A simplified model circuit, in which the transmission line is represented by a nonlinear impedance in parallel with a variable resistor, is incorporated in a one-dimensional simulation model to give the current density at the DL boundaries. Results are presented for the scaling of the DL potential as a function of the width of the arc and the saturation efficiency of the lower hybrid instability mechanism.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Double Layers in Astrophysics; p 211-223
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Equations are presented for the physical mechanisms involved in the resonant absorption of Alfven waves in the plasma sheet boundary layer. It is shown that energy absorbed by the plasma-sheet particles is a function of the central plasma sheet temperature. The heating curve, when coupled with convective transport, yielded an equation of state for the steady state plasma sheet, whose solution has the form of a mathematical catastrophe. The master equation includes dynamic terms describing the transition across the thermal catastrophe, making it possible to evaluate the time scale for the catastrophe to occur.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 6581-659
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This letter presents a first step towards a substorm model including particle heating and transport in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). The heating mechanism discussed is resonant absorption of Alfven waves. For some assumed MHD perturbation incident from the tail lobes onto the plasma sheet, the local heating rate in the PSBL has the form of a resonance function of the one-fluid plasma temperature. Balancing the local heating by convective transport of the heated plasma toward the central plasma sheet, an 'equation of state" is found for the steady-state PSBL whose solution has the form of a mathematical catastrophe: at a critical value of a parameter containing the incident power flux, the local density, and the convection velocity, the equilibrium temperature jumps discontinuously. Associating this temperature increase with the abrupt onset of the substorm expansion phase, the catastrophe model indicates at least three ways in which the onset may be triggered. Several other consequences related to substorm dynamics are suggested by the simple catastrophe model.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 1380-138
    Format: text
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