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  • BIOSCIENCES  (12)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (12)
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  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Apollo lunar sample analyses designed to detect the presence of organic compounds are reviewed, and the results are discussed from the viewpoint of relevance to laboratory experiments on the synthesis of amino acids and to theoretical models of cosmochemical processes resulting in the formation of organic compounds. Glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, and threonine have been found repeatedly in the hydrolyzates of hot aqueous extracts of lunar dust. These compounds represent an early step in the sequence of events leading to the rise of living material and were probably deposited by the solar wind. The results of the Apollo program so far suggest that the pathway from cosmic organic matter to life as it evolved on earth could have been pursued on the moon to the stage of amino acid precursors and then may have been terminated for lack of sufficient water.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Science and Public Affairs; Dec. 197
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  • 2
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Theories and component concepts of the origin of life, i.e., primordial life, have emerged from (1) constructionistic studies on model materials and systems, and (2) reductionistic studies of contemporary cells. The resultant views conflict in a number of aspects; many of the differences are analyzed in this article. Constructionistic experiments are appropriate to asking questions about origins since they are in the same direction as evolution itself. These experiments have revealed self-ordering properties and associated emergent functions, which were not predictable.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Naturwissenschaften; 60; 1973
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Membrane-like properties of synthetic protenoid microparticulate systems, considering catalytic activities, size and ultrastructure
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: IN- PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE, U. OF MIAMI; Dec 18, 1968 - Dec 20, 1968; CORAL GABLES, FL
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 5
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of hot water to extract lunar samples, followed by the hydrolysis of the aqueous extract, appears to be the method of choice for identification and quantitation of amino acid precursors in extraterrestrial sources. The net inferences from the analyses to date are (1) that amino acid precursors are verifiably present in lunar dust, and (2) that they are quite certainly not the consequence of contamination by terrestrial organisms, including man. It is suggested that prebiotic evolutionary pathways such as have been traversed on the earth were terminated on the moon for lack of sufficient water. Although some or all of the amino acid precursors may be indigenous, the low level observed suggests that they may also result from onfall of organic compounds from interstellar matter, comets, tails, solar wind, or meteorites.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Since the genetic apparatus is composed of nucleic acid and protein, the origin of the apparatus involves the origin of polyaminoacids and of polynucleotides, separately or together. Laboratory models for the origins of the separate macromolecular types are considered. The origin of their joint synthesis, believed to have been necessary at a later stage, is also discussed. Proteins and nucleic acids appear to have definite relationships with each other in three major contemporary biological systems, including chromatin, ribosomes, and the protein synthesizing system using nucleic acid templates. Stages considered in connection with the flow of information in the early evolution of the apparatus are environment, protoprotein, protein, RNA, and DNA.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 7
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Review of the present state of experimentally based concepts of organic evolution from amino acids. Earlier studies of the synthesis of amino acid precursors from meteoritic material, lunar dust, and terrestrial lava are briefly summarized, and laboratory experiments in which polymers of amino acids were obtained either by direct heating of dry amino acids or by heating aqueous solutions of mixtures of amino acids are described. In particular, a process is described by which alpha-amino acids were made to react to form linear chains of proteinoids. It is concluded that a proteinoid microsystem was a common ancestor of all life on earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: New York Academy of Sciences; vol. 194
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Compounds hydrolyzable to amino acids in aqueous extracts of Apollo 11 and 12 lunar fines, noting presence of glycine and alanine
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: ; 121- 147. (
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Biophysical model of life origin on earth using primordial gas-small organic molecule- macromolecule-protocell transformations
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Amino acids synthesis by formaldehyde-ammonia heating and hydrolysis, simulating reactants in weakly reducing atmosphere at volcanic temperatures
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: ; 24, 28 (
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