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  • Articles  (1,612)
  • 1985-1989  (936)
  • 1975-1979  (676)
  • Medicine  (1,612)
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  • Articles  (1,612)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H–Y antigen and the origin of XY female wood lemmings ( Myopus schisticolor ) (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 638-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] H?Y antigen is a cell surface component that is present in males of all mammalian species tested, including the human5. In intersexual or sex-reversed individuals, testicular differentiation is more closely correlated with presence of H?Y antigen than it is with presence of an intact Y chromosome6. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/264638a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human–mouse cell hybrid with human multiple Y chromosomes (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 262 (1976), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Figure 1 shows a cell of RH-28 stained by the Q-banding technique which has four human Ys and a human chromosome 17. We determined the distribution of Y chromosomes in 95 cells of RH-28. The results presented in Fig. 2 show that the majority of the cells screened had three or four Y chromosomes. In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/262063a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of nucleolus organizer regions in chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and gibbon (1976)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 56 (1976), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nucleolus organizer regions were detected by the Ag-AS silver method in fixed metaphase chromosomes from human and primates. In the human, silver was deposited in the secondary constriction of a maximum of five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes: 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22. The chimpanzee also had five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes stained, corresponding to human numbers 13, 14, 18, 21 and 22. A gibbon had a single pair of chromosomes with a secondary constriction, which corresponded to the nucleolus organizer region. In each case the Ag-AS method detected the sites which have been shown by in situ hybridization to contain the ribosomal RNA genes. An orangutan had eight pairs of acrocentric chromosomes stained with Ag-AS, probably corresponding to human numbers 13, 14, 15, 18, 21 and 22, plus two others. Two gorillas had silver stain over two pairs of small acrocentric chromosomes and at the telomere of one chromosome 1. The larger gorilla acrocentric chromosomes had no silver stain although they all had secondary constrictions and entered into satellite associations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293725
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marked increase in ribosomal RNA gene multiplicity in a rat hepatoma cell line (1979)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 71 (1979), S. 183-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An H4-IIE-C3 hepatoma cell line derived from an ACI rat has been shown to have differentially stained regions attached to the short arms of chromosomes 3, 11 and 13 and the long arm of an unidentified small chromosome. There is cell to cell variability in the number and size of the differentially stained regions, which contain, on the average, about 5% of the total DNA. A series of secondary constrictions occur at intervals along the length of each differentially stained region. These stain with silver by the Ag-AS method, indicating that the differentially stained regions contain sites of active 45S ribosomal precursor RNA transcription. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes shows that the hepatoma cells have a 10 fold increase in DNA coding for 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA, 90% of it located in the differentially stained regions, and no change in the number of genes coding for 5S RNA. These results have been confirmed by filter disc hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292822
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Methylcytosine in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes: chimpanzee and gorilla compared to the human (1975)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 52 (1975), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fixed metaphase chromosomes of gorilla and chimpanzee were UV-irradiated to produce regions of single-stranded DNA and then treated with antibodies specific for the minor DNA base 5-methylcytosme (5 MeC). An indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to visualize sites of antibody binding. In the gorilla six pairs of autosomes contained major fluorescent regions, indicating localized regions of highly methylated DNA. These corresponded, with the exception of chromosome 19, to the major regions of constitutive heterochromatin as seen by C-banding. The Y chromosome also contained a highly fluorescent region which was located just proximal to the intense Q-band region. In the chimpanzee no comparable concentrations of highly methylated DNA were seen. Smaller regions of intense 5 MeC binding were present on perhaps six chimpanzee chromosomes, including the Y. Five of these corresponded to chromosomes which were highly methylated in the gorilla. — There is diversity among the human, gorilla and chimpanzee in both the size and location of concentrations of 5 MeC, supporting the idea that satellite DNA evolves more rapidly than DNA in the remainder of the chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285789
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome markers in Mus musculus: Differences in C-banding between the subspecies M. m. musculus and M. m. molossinus (1975)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 53 (1975), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quinacrine (Q-band) and centromeric heterochromatin (C-band) patterns of metaphase chromosomes of two subspecies of Mus musculus were compared. M. m. musculus (the laboratory mouse) and M. m. molossinus (a subspecies from Southeast Asia) had similar Q-band patterns along the length of the chromosomes, but differences were observed in the centromeric region of some chromosomes. The two subspecies had very different distributions of C-band material. Antibodies to 5-methylcytosine were bound to regions of the chromosome corresponding to the C-bands in each animal. These findings support the idea that satellite DNA, which is concentrated in the C-band region, changes more quickly than bulk DNA. The interfertility of these two subspecies permits the development of a musculus strain carrying normal marker chromosomes for genetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294081
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p82H identifies sequences at every human centromere (1987)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 77 (1987), S. 46-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cloned alphoid sequence, p82H, hybridizes in situ to the centromere of every human chromosome. After washing under stringent conditions, no more than 8% of the grains are located on any specific chromosome. p82H thus differs from other centromeric sequences which are reported to be chromosome specific, because it detects sequences that are conserved among the chromosomes. Two experimental approaches show that the p82H sequences are closely associated with the centromere. First, p82H remains with the relocated centromeres in an inv(19) and an inv(6) chromosome. Second, p82H hybridizes at the centromere but not to the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 that have elongated 1qh, 9qh and 16qh regions produced by short growth in 5-azacytidine. The only noncentromeric site of hybridization is at the distal end of the 9qh region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284712
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between the number and function of human ribosomal genes (1988)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 79 (1988), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative number of ribosomal RNA genes of the acrocentric chromosomes in one individual was measured by counting grains after in situ hybridization of 3H-labeled human 18S rDNA to fixed metaphase chromosomes. The relative amount of ribosomal RNA gene activity of each of the same chromosomes was estimated by determining the frequency with which the chromosome's nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was silver stained, the size of the silver-stained region, and how often the chromosome was found in satellite association. Results were similar in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblasts, and fibroblasts. One chromosome 21 had few gene copies and low activity. One chromosome 22 had many gene copies but low activity. Both chromosomes 14 had few gene copies but high activity. The level of expression that can be achieved by rRNA gene clusters can, therefore, be determined by factors other than the number of gene copies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282165
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of rRNA gene expression in a human familial 14p+ marker chromosome (1978)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 43 (1978), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromosome studies were carried out on normal individuals from three generations of one family with a 14p+ chromosome. The short arm of the 14p+ chromosome stained well using Giemsa but poorly using quinacrine or trypsin-Giemsa methods; in each case there was an unstained secondary constriction near the distal end of the short arm. Two Ag bands of average size were present on the 14p+ short arm, indicating that there were two active nucleolus organizer regions; the Ag band near the distal end of the short arm was slightly larger than that near the centromere. Each of the two Ag bands was seen associated with the short arm of one or more of the other acrocentric chromosomes, with a combined frequency of association no greater than that of other chromosomes with an Ag band of the same size. In one individual, hybridization in situ with radioactive 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA showed six times as many autoradiographic silver grains over the short arm of the 14p+ chromosome as over that of any other acrocentric chromosome. The results obtained using in situ labeling indicated that the 14p+ chromosome had a large number of rRNA genes compared with the other acrocentric chromosomes, whereas the results obtained using Ag-staining and association frequency indicated that the 14p+ chromosome had no greater nucleolus organizer activity than did the other acrocentrics. The difference in these findings suggests that not all the rRNA genes on the 14p+ chromosome were active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278836
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous fusion between metastatic mammary tumor subpopulations (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 36 (1988), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hybrid cells ; metastasis ; heterogeneity ; generation of aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes a differential frequency of spontaneous fusion between metastatic and nonmetastatic subpopulations derived from a single mouse mammary tumor. Subpopulations 66, 66cl4 (a variant of 66 which is resistant to both thioguanine and ouabain), 410.4, and 44FTO (a thioguanine-resistant, ouabain-resistant derivative of 410.4) spontaneously metastasize from subcutaneous and mammary fatpad sites. Subpopulations 168, 168FARO (a diaminopurine-resistant, ouabain-resistant derivative of 168), 67, 68H, and 410 do not. The ability of these subpopulation lines to fuse spontaneously in vitro was determined after coculturing a drug-resistant line with a wild-type line in nonselective media. After 16-20 h of coculture, cells were plated in the appropriate media to select for fusion products - either HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) plus ouabain or AA (alanosine, adenine) plus ouabain - to determine the number of colony-forming cells (fusion products) present per 104 cells plated. When both subpopulations of the pair in the fusion mixture were metastatic, a significantly greater number of fusion products was recovered than if one or both of the subpopulations in the fusion mixture was nonmetastatic, with one exception: line 410 readily fused with both 66cl4 and 44FTO. Subline 410 was highly metastatic when originally isolated but lost its metastatic competence after a brief time in tissue culture.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240360204
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