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  • SPACE BIOLOGY  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (3)
  • 1
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    Protobiological informatoin, bidirectional recognition and reverse translation (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Emergence of protobiological information has been suggested by experiments in which heated mixtures of alpha-amino acids order themselves into a self limited array of thermal proteins. The polymers display selective catalytic, hormonal, and other activities. Interactions of varied cationic thermal proteins with polynucleotides indicate selective recognition in both directions. Reverse translation is partly a missing link in the molecular evolution flowsheet. The self ordering of amino acids serves conceptually as a deterministic evolutionary precursor of the modern coding mechanism. The possibility for the evolution of information at an early nontemplated protein stage is supported by findings of electrical signals from proteinoid microspheres prepared with no DNA/RNA in their history. The deposition of thermal copolyamino acids on lipid membranes in the Mueller-Rudin apparatus has here been found to produce electrical behavior like that evoked by bacterial EIM polypeptide. A new procedure is to make a film of membrane on the electrode; the results provide maximal repeatability. The principle of nonrandom biomacromolecular specificity identified by these studies in molecular evolution have been extrapolated to principles of evolution of advanced organisms.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Second Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life; p 76
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Amino acid precursors in lunar fines - Limits to the contribution of jet exhaust (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A sample of lunar fines collected at a maximum distance, 6.5 km, from the descent engine on Apollo 17 has been analyzed for total amino acids obtainable by hydrolysis of aqueous extracts. The minimum amounts of amino acids, calculated for a disk of 6 km radius are 10,000 to 100,000 times those which could be contributed by the lunar module jet exhaust, on the basis of conservatively limiting assumptions. The amino acids thus obtained are not explainable as due to chemical or biological contamination; their source is accordingly inferred as lunar. Under the conditions of hydrolysis of lunar extracts, cyanide is found to be converted, almost exclusively to glycine, to an extent of 0.0001.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 40; Sept
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The evolutionary significance of phase-separated microsystems (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The source, preparation, and properties of phase-separated systems such as lipid layers, coacervate droplets, sulphobes, and proteinoid microspheres are reviewed. These microsystems are of interest as partial models for the cell and as partial or total models for the protocell. Conceptual benefits from the study of such models include clues to experiments on origins, insights into principles of action, and, in some instances, presumable models of the origin of the protocell. The benefits to evolution of organized chemical units are many, and can in part be analyzed. Ease of formation suggests that such units would have arisen early in primordial organic evolution. Integration of these various concepts and the results of consequent experiments have contributed to the developing theory of the origins of primordial and contemporary life.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
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  • 4
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    Looking forward to the present (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The present understanding of the origin of life based on Oparin's (1924) conception of life as a manifestation of matter in a special stage of its development is outlined. The results of chemical analyses of lunar samples are discussed, and their implications regarding chemical reactions beginning with carbonaceous dust are considered. Amino acids isolated from lunar samples taken from different sites show a high degree of similarity, in agreement with the hypothesis that carbon compounds, including amino acid precursors, were implanted on the lunar surface by components of the solar wind. The amino acid precursors are most likely a cyanide compound. Overlapping amino acid/carbon ratios from lunar samples and samples of meteorites suggest a common cosmochemical state of carbon in the solar system.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: BioSystems; 6; 1975
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