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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (519)
  • 1985-1989  (290)
  • 1975-1979  (229)
  • 1
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    CSIS test and evaluation (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This report covers the period from February 1982 when the Centralized Storm Information System CSIS was installed at NSSFC through June 1983. CSIS has had a dramatic and positive impact on the operations of the NSSFC. The value of CSIS in improving the level of severe storms forecasting is evaluated. The following CSIS components are examined: (1) hardware; (2) data acquisition; (3) data storage and retrieval; (4) forecaster-machine interface; (5) user training and requirement; (6) system relibility; and (7) software documentation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Wisconsin Univ. Centralized Storm Information System (CSIS); 43 p
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    High-resolution system for tropospheric wind and temperature profile measurements (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper briefly describes the Jimsphere/Jimsonde system and presents some possible applications of the system. As space vehicles became larger and more sophisticated, an improved method for obtaining wind-profile data had to be found. To satisfy this need, the FPS-16 radar/Jimsphere system was developed. The Jimsphere is an aluminized mylar spherical balloon 2 m in diameter. The balloon is under superpressure and is tracked with a high-precision radar system. The development of this detailed wind-profile system was started in 1963, and the present design was established in 1964. To improve the system, a program was initiated in 1965 to obtain high-resolution temperature data simultaneously with the wind-profile data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Sept. 20
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Wind field measurement in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding severe storms by an airborne pulsed Doppler lidar system (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 59
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Project Fog Drops 5. Task 1: A numerical model of advection fog. Task 2: Recommendations for simplified individual zero-gravity cloud physics experiments (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A two-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate the formation of marine advection fog. The model predicts the evolution of potential temperature, horizontal wind, water vapor content, and liquid water content in a vertical cross section of the atmosphere as determined by vertical turbulent transfer and horizontal advection, as well as radiative cooling and drop sedimentation. The model is designed to simulate the formation, development, or dissipation of advection fog in response to transfer of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and the surface as driven by advection over horizontal discontinuities in the surface temperature. Results from numerical simulations of advection fog formation are discussed with reference to observations of marine fog. A survey of candidate fog or cloud microphysics experiments which might be performed in the low gravity environment of a shuttle-type spacecraft in presented. Recommendations are given for relatively simple experiments which are relevent to fog modification problems.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2633 , M156
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Cloud-top parameters - A hail indicator (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Airborne photographic observations of four hail-producing storms are discussed. With the exception of one storm producing a tornadic event, the overshooting tops were nearly steady-state. The tops were consistently high and wide, reaching maximum heights within about 5 minutes of the initiation of hail. Measured updraft velocities in the turrets composing the overshooting top were 25 m/sec. The dimensions of the overshooting tops were sufficiently large to permit satellite observation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Severe Local Storms; Oct 21, 1975 - Oct 23, 1975; Norman, OK
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems: Executive Summary (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A summarization of committee findings relative to the five topic areas of severe storms, turbulence, icing, visibility and lightning is given.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Tenn. Univ. Space Inst. Proc. of the 2nd Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 1-14
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  • 7
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    Severe storm detection with passive 37 GHz observations (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The research objective was to determine the information content of satellite passive 37 GHz brightness temperatures on the severity of thunderstorms through the measurement of the attenuation (scattering) signature of precipitation. The severe storm detection potential of satellite-observed passive 37 GHz radiances was evaluated by comparing Nimbus-7 Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) data to reports of severe weather contained in the NSSFC severe weather log for calendar years 1979 and 1980 over the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Heavy thunderstorms have a characteristic signature in the form of localized very low 37 GHz T sub B from scattering by precipitation-size ice particles (thick cirrus being transparent at this frequency). The local noon and midnight snapshots taken by the SMMR on alternating days (with incomplete areal coverage of the U.S. on any given day) were scanned to find cases of strong scattering by precipitation, revealed by large differences between the 18 and 37 GHz brightness temperatures, the 37 GHz T sub B being at least 20 C lower than the 18 GHz T sub B. The value of the 37 GHz T sub b was then compared to severe weather reports within one hour of the SMMR observation time, in the vicinity of the SMMR-observed storm. It was found that the degree to which the T sub B were lowered was a fairly good indicator of the probability that the storm was severe. Of 263 storms observed by the SMMR during 1979 and 1980, 54 percent had severe weather associated with them for a T sub b below 203 K, while 8 percent of those above this threshold were severe.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 2 p
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Geophysical fluid flow model experiments in spherical geometry (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: An experimental and theoretical program was undertaken to assist in the design of geophysical fluid flow model experiments for Spacelab. Two new nonintrusive measurement techniques were developed. A theoretical calculation was carried out to guide the design of a proposed atmospheric general circulation model experiment.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 177-181
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Optimized retrievals of precipitable water fields from combinations of VAS satellite and conventional surface observations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: VISSR (visible and infrared spin-scan radiometer) atmospheric sounder (VAS) radiances and conventional surface temperature and dewpoint data are used in several combinations within a regression approach to determine the optimum resolution and accuracy of precipitable water (PW) fields retrieved from satellite observations. Point retrievals at radiosonde stations are used to determine the numerical accuracy of each retrieval technique, and image sequences of the retrieved PW fields are used to determine the temporal stability and spatial coherence of mesoscale PW features. VAS channels 5, 6, 7, and 8 and the surface dewpoint contribute the most information to regression-based retrievals of PW. The most accurate PW retrievals are obtained when radiances are averaged to a resolution of 15 to 60 km. A physical 'split-window' approach provides better PW estimates than regression when only the 11- and 12-micron VAS channels are available or when radiosonde-based training is limited to only one time period.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 5305-531
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Simulated sudden stratospheric warming - Synoptic evolution (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis is presented of a sudden stratospheric warming event which occurred spontaneously during a general circulation model simulation of the global atmospheric circulation. Two separate warming pulses exhibit the same dynamical evolution with a 'cycle' of about two weeks. Two distinct phases of the warming cycle are apparent: (1) the generation of an intense localized warm cell in conjunction with significant adiabatic heating associated with cross-isobar flow which has been induced by vertically propagating long wave disturbances; and (2) the northward transport of that warm cell via advection by the essentially geostrophic windfield corresponding to an intense, offset polar cyclone, in conjunction with a strong Aleutian anticyclone. During the first warming pulse in January, a moderate Aleutian anticyclone was in place prior to the warming cycle and was intensified by interaction with an eastward traveling anticyclone induced by the differential advection of the warm cell. The second warming pulse occurred in early February with a strong Aleutian anticyclone already established. In contrast to the January event, the warming in February culminated with reversal of the zonal westerlies to easterlies over a significant depth of the stratosphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal (ISSN 0035-9009); 113; 815-846
    Format: text
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