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  • GEOPHYSICS  (14)
  • Stress  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1
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    Stress accumulation and release on the San Andreas fault (1977)
    In:  Pageoph, Taipei, EGS, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 413-427, pp. 8039, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Stress ; Geothermics ; Inelastic ; Seismicity ; Dislocation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Stress accumulation in the lithosphere (1976)
    In:  Tectonophys., Taipei, EGS, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 183-199, pp. 8039, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976
    Keywords: Stress ; Geothermics ; Tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Models for the distribution of stress and strain adjacent to the San Andreas fault (1978)
    USGS
    In:  Proc. Conf. III, Fault Mechanics and its Relation to Earthquake Prediction, Nat. Earthq. Hazard Reduction Program, 1-3.12.1977, Los Angeles, USGS, vol. 10, no. 91-N-FA07-7-4, pp. 589-618, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Dislocation ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Stress ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Earthquake precursor: models ; Review article ; FROTH, ; FRUMMEL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere deduced from geoid observations (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Data from the GEOS-3 and SEASAT Satellites provided a very accurate geoid map over the oceans. Broad bathymetric features in the oceans such as oceanic swells and plateaus are fully compensated. It is shown that the geoid anomalies due to the density structures of the lithosphere are proportional to the first moment of the density distribution. The deepening of the ocean basins is attributed to thermal isostasy. The thickness of the oceanic lithosphere increases with age due to the loss of heat to the sea floor. Bathymetry and the geoid provide constraints on the extent of this heat loss. Offsets in the geoid across major fracture zones can also be used to constrain this problem. Geoid bathymetry correlations show that the Hawaiian and Bermuda swells and the Cape Verde Rise are probably due to lithospheric thinning.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Geopotential Res. Mission (GRM); p 44-45
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    A renormalization group approach to the stick-slip behavior of faults (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A fault which is treated as an array of asperities with a perscribed statistical distribution of strengths is described. For a linear array the stress is transferred to a single adjacent asperity and for a two dimensional array to three adjacent asperities. It is shown that the solutions bifurcate at a critical applied stress. At stresses less than the critical stress virtually no asperities fail on a large scale and the fault is locked. At the critical stress the solution bifurcates and asperity failure cascades away from the nucleus of failure. It is found that the stick slip behavior of most faults can be attributed to the distribution of asperities on the fault. The observation of stick slip behavior on faults rather than stable sliding, why the observed level of seismicity on a locked fault is very small, and why the stress on a fault is less than that predicted by a standard value of the coefficient of friction are outlined.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1894-190
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Lithospheric instabilities (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In this paper we define a mantle geoid. This is the height that hot solid mantle rock from the asthenosphere would attain if it were not confined by the lithosphere. The mantle geoid lies 3.25 km below the hydrogeoid (sea level). Hot mantle rock cannot entirely penetrate the continental lithosphere. One consequence of this partial penetration is rifting; as a result of rifting an accreting plate margin may be created. Hot mantle rock from the asthenosphere can penetrate through the oceanic lithosphere if the sea floor lies below the mantle geoid. Penetration of the oceanic lithosphere by this solid mantle rock is a necessary condition for the initiation of subduction. We argue that the same processes that are associated with rifting in continental lithosphere will be associated with behind arc spreading and the initiation of subduction in the oceanic lithosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Geoid Anomalies and the Near-Surface Dipole Distribution of Mass (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Although geoid or surface gravity anomalies cannot be uniquely related to an interior distribution of mass, they can be related to a surface mass distribution. However, over horizontal distances greater than about 100 km, the condition of isostatic equilibrium above the asthenosphere is a good approximation and the total mass per unit column is zero. Thus the surface distribution of mass is also zero. For this case we show that the surface gravitational potential anomaly can be uniquely related to a surface dipole distribution of mass. Variations in the thickness of the crust and lithosphere can be expected to produce undulations in the geoid.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Ohio State Univ. Appl. of Geodesy to Geodyn., an Intern. Symp.; p 257-260
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Geoid anomalies and the thickness of the lithosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: By using accepted crustal density distributions and either error function or linear temperature distributions the difference in geoid height between stable continental areas and deep ocean basins has been determined as a function of the continental lithospheric thickness. If the continental lithosphere were greater than 200 km thick, the geoid anomaly over the continents would be systematically negative in relation to that over the ocean basins. By using the GEM 9 satellite geoid the mean geoid anomalies over ocean basins and stable continental areas have been obtained. No systematic difference between continental and oceanic geoids is observed. It is concluded that the thickness of the continental lithosphere is near 180 km. This is in good agreement with various interpretations of the surface heat flow observations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; May 10
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    On isostatic geoid anomalies (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In regions of slowly varying lateral density changes, the gravity and geoid anomalies may be expressed as power series expansions in topography. Geoid anomalies in isostatically compensated regions can be directly related to the local dipole moment of the density-depth distribution. This relationship is used to obtain theoretical geoid anomalies for different models of isostatic compensation. The classical Pratt and Airy models give geoid height-elevation relationships differing in functional form but predicting geoid anomalies of comparable magnitude. The thermal cooling model explaining ocean floor subsidence away from mid-ocean ridges predicts a linear age-geoid height relationship of 0.16 m/m.y. Geos 3 altimetry profiles were examined to test these theoretical relationships. A profile over the mid-Atlantic ridge is closely matched by the geoid curve derived from the thermal cooling model. The observed geoid anomaly over the Atlantic margin of North America can be explained by Airy compensation. The relation between geoid anomaly and bathymetry across the Bermuda Swell is consistent with Pratt compensation with a 100-km depth of compensation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Nov. 10
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    On the gravitational potential and field anomalies due to thin mass layers (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The gravitational potential and field anomalies for thin mass layers are derived using the technique of matched asymptotic expansions. An inner solution is obtained using an expansion in powers of the thickness and it is shown that the outer solution is given by a surface distribution of mass sources and dipoles. Coefficients are evaluated by matching the inner expansion of the outer solution with the outer expansion of the inner solution. The leading term in the inner expansion for the normal gravitational field gives the Bouguer formula. The leading term in the expansion for the gravitational potential gives an expression for the perturbation to the geoid. The predictions given by this term are compared with measurements by satellite altimetry. The second-order terms in the expansion for the gravitational field are required to predict the gravity anomaly at a continental margin. The results are compared with observations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Journal; 48; 3, Ma; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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