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  • GEOPHYSICS  (68)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (13)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (11)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (10)
  • 1985-1989  (67)
  • 1975-1979  (35)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 1361-1372 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical properties of the 1,N6 - etheno derivative of ApA (εApεA) have been studied. Absorbance and CD measurements suggest that (1) neutral salts tend to unstack this molecule and (2) the stacking interaction is weaker than in ApA. εApεA is found to be quenched strongly with respect to the monomer. (εAMP); this quenching is solvent dependent (1M NaCl 〉 5M NaClo4〉40%glycerol) and increases with the ratio of temperature to viscosity (T/η) in each case. Fluorescence lifetime measurements also reveal a temperature- and solvent-dependent decay which is nonlinear on a semilog plot. In the presence of 95% glycerol, this decay return to linearity. These data have been considered from two points of view: (1) two-state pictures which are based on thermodynamic least-squares fit to quatum yield and CD curves, together with two exponential fits to the decay curves and (2) a dynamical model in which relatives fluorophore motion leads to deexcitation via intramolecular collision. A simple model of type (2) gives qualitative agreement with the observed behavior.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 975-987 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The scope and limitations of the potassium bromide disc technique for the infra-red determination of chain branching in small samples of polyethylene in powder form have been assessed. Many of the samples encountered have an average particle size, prior to grinding with potassium bromide, of about 100 μm and very satisfactory results have been obtained, but the presence of larger particles leads to poor quality discs and inferior results. The well established double beam technique proves suitable for removing the interfering methylene absorption and compensation with polymethylene in the form of a film rather than as a pressed disc is preferable. Difficulties were encountered in preparing branching standards in a uniform and fine powder form, to avoid variation of the absorption coefficient of the 1 378 cm-1 methyl band with particle size. Such powders are best obtained by precipitation from solution rather than by low temperature milling. Despite these problems chain branching measurements may be made with a precision of between 5 and 10% and an accuracy of about 15%.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 437-448 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Probleme, die bei Anwendung der Kompensationsmethode auf IR-spektroskopische Bestimmungen von niedrigen Verzweigungsgraden in Polyäthylenen hoher Dichte auftreten, werden systematisch untersucht. Die erzielbare Genauigkeit wird bestimmt und es wird gezeigt, daß, wenn möglich, eine Korrektur für die Methyl-Endgruppen angewendet werden sollte. Diese ist bei einigen Polymertypen leicht möglich, bei anderen hingegen schwieriger. Als Kompensationskeil im Referenzstrahl des Spektrometers verwendet man besser Polymethylen als hochmolekulares Polyäthylen. Die äußerste Empfindlichkeit, die mit der manuellen Kompensationsmethode erreicht werden kann, liegt bei einem Methylzweig pro 2000 C-Atome. Wenn diese Methode jedoch ergänzt wird durch Computer-Kurvendämpfung und Computer Mittelung über zahlreiche Momentspektren (“C.A.T.”), kann noch eine deutliche Verbesserung im Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis erzielt werden. Damit wird es möglich noch Verzweigungsgrade bis herunter zu 0,1 Methylgruppen pro 1000 C-Atome zu messen.
    Notes: The problems encountered in the infrared spectroscopic estimation of the low levels of chain branching present in high density polyethylene, using the compensation method, are discussed systematically. The precision to be expected has been determined and it is shown that, if possible, a correction should be applied for methyl groups present at the chain ends. This is feasible with some types of polymer but more difficult with others. The compensating wedge in the reference beam of the spectrometer should be made of polymethylene rather than a high molecular weight polyethylene. The ultimate sensitivity of the manual compensation method is about one methyl branch per two thousand carbon atoms. However, when this is supplemented by computer smoothing and off-line computation of average transients (C.A.T.), a significant improvement is obtained in the signal to noise ratio, and branching levels down to 0,1 methyl groups per thousand carbon atoms are readily measured.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 2375-2392 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The techniques of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study the locus of failure of epoxy resin joints. The effects of a long water immersion and the application of a silane-based primer have also been studied. Results indicated that for dry joints fracture occurred near an epoxy resin/metal interface while with water-soaked unprimed joints, fracture occurred interfacially between the adhesive and iron oxide. The application of the primer to the metal surface prior to bonding prevented the formation of a water-formed oxide although fracture was then found to occur through the primer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 749-762 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In processing full-fat soy flour to an acid-precipitated lipid protein concentrate a byproduct whey fraction results which, because of its high biological oxygen demand, represents a serious disposal problem. Processing of food waste streams by reverse osmosis has received considerable attention because of its low theoretical energy requirement since no phase change is involved. In a previous study at this Center a mathematical model was developed for the diffusive transport of soy lipid protein concentrate whey across cellulose acetate membranes. In this study, pumping energy and power costs combined with membrane life and replacement costs were incorporated into the original model to provide a basis for optimization from an energy cost standpoint. Computer-simulated runs were compared with experimental pilot-plant runs, and the agreement between predicted and actual results was quite good. Water flux rates were in the range of 3 to 7 gal/ft2/day. Computer runs were used to optimize the processing of 100,000 gal/day of soy whey at 8000 ppm biological oxygen demand (BOD). Costs were at a minimum with a six-stage tapered flow primary reverse osmosis treatment over a porous cellulose acetate membrane, followed by a six-stage tapered flow reverse osmosis over a tighter membrane. BOD reduction was 94% at a cost of $5.45/1000 gal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 36 (1988), S. 59-71 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: origin of presequences ; intracellular ; intramitochondrial protein sorting ; stop-transport sequence ; ATP requirement ; protein unfolding ; translocation machinery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The amino-terminal sequences of several imported mitochondrial precursor proteins have been shown to contain all the information required for transport to and sorting within mitochondria. Proteins transported into the matrix contain a matrix-targeting sequence. Proteins destined for other submitochondrial compartments contain, in addition, an intramitochondrial sorting sequence. The sorting sequence in the cytochrome c1 presequence is a stop-transport sequence for the inner mitochondrial membrane. Proteins containing cleavable presequences can reach the intermembrane space by either of two pathways: (1) Part of the presequence is transported into the matrix; the attached protein, however, is transported across the outer but not the inner membrane (eg, the cytochrome c1 presequence). (2) The precursor is first transported into the matrix; part of the presequence is then removed, and the protein is reexported across the inner membrane (eg, the precursor of the iron-sulphur protein of the cytochrome bc1 complex).Matrix-targeting sequences lack primary amino acid sequence homology, but they share structural characteristics. Many DNA sequences in a genome can potentially encode a matrix-targeting sequence. These sequences become active if positioned upstream of a protein coding sequence. Artificial matrix-targeting sequences include synthetic presequences consisting of only a few different amino acids, a known amphiphilic helix found inside a cytosolic protein, and the presequence of an imported chloroplast protein.Transport of proteins across mitochrondrial membranes requires a membranes requires a membrane potential, ATP, and a 45-kd protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The ATP requirement for import is correlated with a stable structure in the imported precursor molecule. We suggest that transmembrane transport of a stably folded precursor requires an ATP-dependent unfolding of the precursor protein.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 32 (1986), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: protease nexin ; thrombin ; platelets ; protease inhibitor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have recently described a platelet factor that is similar to the fibroblast thrombin inhibitor protease nexin I (PNI) [12]. The present manuscript shows that this platelet form of PN (PNp) does not complex [125I]-thrombin that has been blocked at its active site, consistent with the conclusion that it is a thrombin inhibitor. When platelets are incubated with [125I]-thrombin, PNp-[125MI]-thrombin complexers accumulate both in the medium and on the platelet surface. In the case of fibroblasts, PNI-[125I]-thrombin Complexes that form in solution bind to the cells as a consequence of a receptor-mediated clearance process [Low et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:2340, 1981]. We show here that the PNp-[125I]-thrombin complexes that accumulate in platelet-binding incubation medium do not bind to platelets. Thus, the platelet-associated complexes must form by [125I]-thrombin binding to PNp that is associated with the platelet surface. Pretreatment of platelets with heparin markedly increases the number of PNp-[125I]-thrombin complexes that form on platelets. The basis for this increase in unclear. This effect seems incompatible with a heparinlike factor acting as the surface binding site for PNp.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1991-2009 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of drug release from a series of partial esters of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride has been investigated. These polymers in their un-ionized forms are hydrophobic and water insoluble, but in their ionized forms they are water soluble. Polymer dissolution is pH sensitive, and different half-esters have a characteristic pH range above which they are soluble and below which they are insoluble. When films are placed in buffered media, they erode at a constant rate that depends on the pH of dissolution of the polymer and on the pH of the buffered medium. Dissolution of the polymer is limited to the polymer-buffer medium interface, and drugs dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the polymer are released by zero-order kinetics. A detailed model has been developed that successfully correlates dissolution behavior and various experimental parameters.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1775-1775 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In processing full-fat soy flour to produce an acid-precipitated lipid protein concentrate, there results a by-product whey fraction which, because of its high biological oxygen demand, represents a serious disposal problem. Processing of food waste streams by reverse osmosis has received considerable attention because of its low theoretical energy requirement, since no phase change is involved. A series of statistically designed and analyzed experiments were conducted on a pilot-plant reverse osmosis unit to study the effect of the operating parameters on solute and solvent transport in cellulose acetate membranes. Sucrose and sodium chloride solutions were tested in addition to soybean whey to relate the mixed solute system in whey to that of single-solute organic and inorganic feed solutions. Water flux was shown to have an Arrhenius dependency on temperature, and some membrane compaction was observed with the more porous membrane. Concentration polarization for sucrose and sodium chloride solutions increased linearly with water flux. Solute flux for soybean whey solutions decreased with molarity and was independent of pressure, whereas solute rejection increased with temperature and pressure and was independent of molarity. Good agreement was obtained using the derived parameters A, B, and τ for soy whey in the diffusion transport model when compared to the observed experimental values.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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