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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (10)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 621-629 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly{1-[3-(9-carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]äthylen} {Poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) wurde durch radikalische Polymerisation des entsprechenden Monomers 5 hergestellt. Aus Copolymerisationsversuchen von 5 (M1) und Styrol (M2) wurden sowohl die Copolymerisationsparameter r1 und r2 als auch die Q-e Werte für 5 erhalten (r1 = 0,13±0,08, r2 = 3,47±0,12; Q = 0,18, e = 0,10). Das Fluoreszenzspektrum von 6 ist mit demjenigen der Modellsubstanz N-(3-Isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2) fast identisch, was auf die Abwesenheit von intramolekularen Excimeren im Polymer 6 hindeutet. Die Stabilitätskonstanten K der aus 6 oder 2 und 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenon (TNF) gebildeten Chargetransfer-Komplexe wurden in Dichlorethan bei 20°C, unter den Bedingungen, daß [6] oder [2]≫[TNF] und 6 oder 2≪[TNF], ermittelt. Die Werte sind K = 4,9 bzw. 5,2 dm3mol-1 für 2, wenn [2]≫[TNF] bzw. [2]≪[TNF], und 16dm3mol-1 für 6, wenn [6]≫[TNF]. Das Polymer 6 fallt jedoch aus, wenn [6]≪[TNF]. Zum Vergleich wurde auch die Chargetransfer-Bildung von Poly[1-(9-carbazolyl)äthylen] [Poly(N-vinylcarb azol)] (1) mit TNF unter denselben Bedingungen untersucht, wobei dieselben Werte für K gefunden wurden, wenn [1]≫[TNF] und [1]≪[TNF]. Zur Erklärung kann man annehmen, daß sich bei 6 sandwichartige Chargetransfer-Komplexe bilden, wahrend sich bei 1 keine derartigen Komplexe bilden können, da aus Platzmangel zwischen die Carbazolyl-Gruppen in 1 kein TNF-Molekül eingesetzt werden kann.
    Notes: A new carbazole polymer, poly{1-[3-(9-carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]ethylene} {poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) was prepared by radical polymerization of N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole (5). Copolymerization of 5 (M1) with styrene (M2) provided the monomer reactivity ratios r1 = 0,13±0,08 and r2 = 3,47±0,12. The Q-e values of 5 were calculated as Q1 = 0,18 and e1 = +0,10. Fluorescence spectra of 6 and N-(3-isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2), prepared as a monomer model compound, were nearly identical, indicating the absence of intramolecular excimer formation for 6. The stability constants (K) of the charge transfer complexes of 6 and 2 with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) were determined in 1,2-dichloroethane at 20°C under the conditions of both [6] or [2]≫[TNF] and [6] or [2]≪[TNF]. The values of K were 4,9 and 5,2dm3 mol-1 for 2 when [2]≫[TNF] and [2]≪[TNF], respectively, and 16dm3 mol-1 for 6 when [6]≫[TNF]. The polymer 6 precipitated, however, when [6]≪[TNF]. As a reference, charge transfer complex formation of poly[1-(9-carbazolyl)-ethylene] [poly(N-vinylcarbazole)] [1] with TNF was studied under the same conditions. The values of K for 1 were identical when [1]≫[TNF] and [TNF]. These results were explained by assuming a sandwich-type charge transfer complex for 6, but not for 1. The space between the carbazolyl groups in 1 would be too small to accomodate a TNF molecule between the chromophores.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2971-2980 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermolysis of poly(p-t-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCST) catalyzed by polymeric phenol in the solid state is very much dependent on the extent of phase separation. Poly(p-hydroxystyrene) (PHOST, a thermolysis product of PBOCST) is not miscible with PBOCST. Therefore, this phenolic resin can not effectively catalyze the solid-state thermolysis reaction when simply blended with PBOCST. However, if the phenolic functionality is forced to be in the vicinity of the t-butoxycarbonyl (tBOC) group, the thermolysis takes place facilely at 130°C. The effect of casting solvent on thermolysis in PBOCST/Varcum films is also discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 955-964 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alternating copolymers of styrene (St) with electron-deficient olefins trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted with cyano and carboalkoxy groups have been subjected to 60Co γ-radiolysis together with a series of copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and St. The chain scission susceptibility Gs - Gx determined by membrane osmometry drastically decreases as St is incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Whereas the alternating St-MMA copolymer is slightly crosslinked upon irradiation, an alternating copolymer of St with diethyl 2-cyano-1,1-ethylenedicarboxylate maintains a fairly high degradation sensitivity (Gs - Gx = 1.2). The reactive-ion etch rates were determined for the series of polymers in CF4/O2 (92/8). The etch resistance is significantly increased by introduction of St units in PMMA, and the highly substituted alternating copolymer etches as slowly as the MMA(50) - St(50) copolymers. Thus the alternating copolymer of NCCH=C(CO2Et)2 with St behaves like PMMA when exposed to high-energy radiation but is comparable to PSt in plasma environments.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Trifluoromethylstyrene (TFMST) does not undergo radical homopolymerization with azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in bulk at 60°:C. Low-temperature initiation was not effective either. Radical copolymerization of TFMST (M2) with styrene (ST, M1) has yielded monomer reactivity ratios as follows: r1 =: 0.60 and r2 =: 0.00. It has been found that the cyclohexyl radical generated by reaction of cyclohexylmercuric chloride with sodium borohydride adds to the β-carbon of TFMST 7.5 times faster than that of ST. Combination of the copolymerization analysis and the “mercury method” has allowed us to estimate Alfrey-Price Q and e parameters for TFMST to be 0.43 and 0.90, respectively. Thus, due to the strongly electron-withdrawing effect of the trifluoromethyl group, this styrene is highly electron deficient. In spite of the favorable electronic effect, however, the ceiling temperature appears very low, presumably due to the steric hindrance.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 2395-2404 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactivities of methyl methacrylate derivatives bearing substituents on the ester methyl group have been investigated by competitively adding a cyclohexyl radical generated by a reaction of cyclohexylmercuric chloride with sodium borohydride (mercury method) to these substituted methacrylates and methyl methacrylate or styrene. The relative rate constants of the cyclohexyl radical addition have been found to be nicely correlated with parameters such as Traft α* constants of alkyl esters, Q-e values, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, β-carbon chemical shifts, and relative reactivities toward a polystyryl radical, indicating that the mercury method is a simple and useful technique for evaluation of the relationship between structure and reactivity of vinyl monomers in their radical polymerization, even when the structural modification is small.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 2871-2881 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alternating copolymers of styrene with β-carboalkoxy-substituted t-butyl α-cyanoacrylates undergo facile deesterification at 150-190°C, about 60°C below the deprotection temperature of poly(t-butyl methacrylate), and decarboxylation at 170-200°C. When the β-substituent is a methyl ester, the two events are clearly separated, with the deesterification occurring at a maximum rate at 165°C and decarboxylation at 193°C. Anhydride formation is negligible in this case. The copolymer with t-butyl cyanofumarate exhibits simultaneous deesterification and decarboxylation events at 180°C with concomitant minor dehydration.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 647-658 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to obtain quantitative results on the mechanism of ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, 13C satellite spectra of dideuterioethylene oxides and their polymers prepared by anionic, cationic, and coordination catalysts were measured with deuterium decoupling and analyzed. The ratios of the threo to erythro polymers were same as those of the cis to trans monomers. Therefore, it is concluded that the ring-opening polymerizations of ethylene oxide proceed almost entirely with inversion of configuration, confirming the results obtained by the analysis of the infrared spectra of the deuterated polymers by Price, Tadokoro and co-workers.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1299-1307 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,6-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-(p-methylbenzyl)-ß-D-galactopyranose (TXGal,M1) has been copolymerized with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-ß-D-mannopyranose (TBMan,M2), the products characterized by NMR, specific rotation, and viscosity, and the reactivity ratios calculated. The reactivity ratios r1 = 0.37 ± 0.15 and r2 = 38 ± 4 indicate that the anhydromannose derivative is about 100 times as reactive as that of anhydrogalactose. A comparison of glucose, mannose, and galactose copolymerizations suggests that the reactivity differences of the three propagating cations are comparatively small and the reactivity differences of the monomers large. This result is consistent with a mechanism proposed earlier. Methyl substitution on the aromatic rings of the p-xylyl groups inhibits the initiation process significantly relative to benzyl, but propagation only slightly.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 27 (1989), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Anisochronism ; Magnetic non-equivalence ; Cyclohexyl adducts ; Mercury method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monosubstituted cyclohexanes were synthesized by addition of a cyclohexyl radical to olefins bearing different substituents at the α-position. Six distinct methylene 13C resonances were observed, indicating that the methylene carbons located at the 2 and 6 positions and at the 3 and 5 positions are not magnetically equivalent. This magnetic non-equivalence (anisochronism) observed in the monosubstituted cyclohexanes is due to the introduction of an asymmetric center β to the prochiral C-1 ring carbon.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 2217-2224 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,6-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-(p-methylbenzyl)-β-D-glucopyranose (TXGL, M1) has been copolymerized with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranose (TBGL, M2). Reactivity ratios, calculated by the Mayo and Lewis procedure, are r1 = r2 = 1.25 ± 0.25. Within experimental error these values represent azeotropic copolymerization. Therefore preceding interpretations of the relative reactivity of TXGL and other benzylated anhydrosugars are not incorrect because the possible effect of p-methyl substitution was ignored. Analysis of this copolymerization system and the reported copolymerizations of TXGL with 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-manno-(TBMN) and galactopyranoses (TBGA) by the linear method recently proposed by Kelen and Tudos has confirmed that true copolymerization takes place in all the systems mentioned above and that the classical copolymerization theory adequately describes the copolymerization mechanism. Physical properties of the copolymers of TXGL and TBGL indicate the usual high stereoregularity of structure.
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