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  • pharmacokinetics  (209)
  • Springer  (209)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1985-1989  (167)
  • 1975-1979  (42)
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  • Springer  (209)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of human growth hormone releasing factor (hGRF-44 NH2) in normal men after intravenous administration of a large range of doses (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: growth hormone releasing factor ; radio-immunoassay ; pharmacokinetics ; variance model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three ranges of doses of growth hormone releasing factor (2.5–80 µg, 80–320 µg and 75–600 µg) were intravenously administered to healthy young volunteers in three double blind studies. Serum circulating GRF levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Experimental concentration curves were fitted, using the extended least squares method, to a biexponential model for the structural model and power function for the variance model. The power variance model, compared to the constant variance model greatly reduced the coefficient of variation of the biexponential parameters. The power of the variance model was estimated to be 1.95. The distribution half-life was 6.6 min and the elimination half-life was 39.0 min (harmonic means). Total clearance was 0.12±0.01 µg/l/min. No difference between these parameters was found for the various doses. GRF kinetics was linear established in the range 10 to 600 µg which means that elimination was not altered by the increased doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637679
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonazepam pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in neonatal seizures (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 585-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonazepam ; neonates ; convulsions ; therapeutic effect ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighteen newborns (gestational age 28 to 42 weeks and post-natal age 0.5 to 44 days) suffering from convulsions not controlled by phenobarbital were treated with clonazepam 0.1 mg/kg (8 cases) or 0.2 mg/kg (10 cases) administered by slow intravenous infusion. The plasma half-lives in these ‘phenobarbital pretreated neonates’ were of the same order of magnitude as those reported in adults (20–43 h). Post-natal age did affect clearance, which was 50–70% less than in adults and older children. At the end of the infusion period, plasma clonazepam ranged from 28 to 117 ng/ml in the 0.1 mg/kg group and from 99 to 380 ng/ml in the 0.2 mg/kg group. In the former an immediate therapeutic response was observed in 7 out of 8 cases, and in the latter a significant and somehow delayed effect on convulsion was present only in 6 cases. The data suggest that optimal therapeutic response might already have been achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dose. Higher doses and toxic concentrations of clonazepam may be detrimental to complete control of seizures and may expose the newborn to an unnecessary risk of adverse events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542419
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of persistent fetal circulation syndrome of the newborn. Comparison of different doses of tolazoline (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolazoline ; neonates ; persistent fetal circulation ; pharmacodynamic effects ; pharmacokinetics ; pulmonary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of two doses of tolazoline have been compared in 2 groups of newborns suffering from the persistent fetal circulation syndrome. The effects on PaO2 and AaDO2 were similar in the 2 groups who received either a bolus of 1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1 tolazoline, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1·h−1. The observed changes did not differ significantly from those previously observed in babies treated with 2 mg·kg−1. A rise in PaO2 and a reduction in AaDO2 were usually observed shortly after the bolus injection and at plasma levels between 1.5 and 4 µg·ml·−1. A progressive rise in plasma level over time occurred after 1 mg·kg−1 (and in the previous study of 2 mg) but not with 0.5g/kg tolazoline. The elimination half-life of tolazoline in 6 patients was 5 to 13 h. The data suggest that continuous infusion of tolazoline is not necessarily required and that the dose of 0.5 mg/kg is more appropriate and safer than the higher doses usually proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606632
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anticoagulant effect and plasma kinetics of fluorophenindione after a single dose in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fluorophenindione ; vitamin K antagonist ; pharmacokinetics ; loading dose ; anticoagulant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After administration of a single loading dose (80 mg p.o.) of fluorophenindione, the prothrombin level decreased to 37 % in 24 h, and the effect lasted for 48 h. Accordingly, fluorophenindione can be classified as an anticoagulant with an “intermediate” effect. Its elimination half-life was 31 h, which is longer than that of phenindione, because of the greater stability of the fluorinated derivate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The disposition of biphenylacetic acid following topical application (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. 639-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: biphenylacetic acid ; plasma and synovial fluid concentrations ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of biphenylacetic acid were determined following application of 3 g of 3% biphenylacetic acid gel to one knee of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The mean peak plasma concentration was 34 ng/ml. Synovial fluid concentrations tended to follow plasma concentrations but at a somewhat lower level, the mean peak synovial fluid concentration was 21 ng/ml. The average ratio of synovial fluid AUC (0–24 h) to plasma AUC (0–24 h) was 0.58, r=0.97. Where patients had bilateral effusions, the concentration in the ipsilateral knee at each time point examined was not significantly different to that in the contralateral knee, suggesting that absorption was initially into the plasma and subsequently into the synovium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nisoldipine: Kinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with liver cirrhosis after intravenous and oral administration (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; calcium entry blocker ; concentration-effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate of nisoldipine were studied in 8 patients with cirrhosis and in 8 age-matched healthy controls. On separate occasions each subject received nisoldipine by i.v. infusion (0.37 mg in 40 min) and as a tablet (5 mg for patients and 20 mg for control subjects). After i.v. nisoldipine, the elimination half-life was 9.7 h in control subjects and 16.6 h in the cirrhotics. The volume of distribution was 4.1 l/kg and 6.4 l/kg and the total systemic clearance was 847 ml/min and 494 ml/min, respectively. On oral nisoldipine, systemic availability was fourfold higher in patients with cirrhosis: 14.7% versus 3.7%. After i.v. administration of nisoldipine there was a brief decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups, whereas the heart rate increased. After 4 h a second effect peak appeared in the control subjects. After oral nisoldipine similar effect-time profiles were found, but effects lasted longer than after i.v. administration. Comparison of the maximal total plasma concentration of nisoldipine and the maximal effect in the two groups revealed that sensitivity to nisoldipine was not different in patients with cirrhosis. A reduction in the dose of nisoldipine is recommended when cirrhotics require oral nisoldipine in therapeutic practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542441
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exercise on the serum level and urinary excretion of tetracycline, doxycycline and sulphamethizole (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sulphamethizole ; tetracycline ; doxycycline ; rest ; exercise ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serum level and urinary excretion of sulphamethizole, tetracycline and doxycycline were studied in healthy volunteers subjected to intensive exercise and bed rest in a cross-over trial. Each group consisted of 7–8 subjects. The exercise or bed rest began 15 min before oral administration of the drug and was continued for the following 4 hours. During exercise serum drug concentration and the area under the serum concentration-time curve for each agent was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than the corresponding values at rest. Exercise greatly suppressed the renal excretion of tetracycline and doxycycline, but the decrease alone appeared insufficient to account for the pronounced increase in serum drug concentration. Total drug excretion in urine was unchanged. Thus, it seemed most unlikely that overall absorption from the gastrointestinal tract had been altered by exercise. However, the rate of absorption appeared to be more rapid in the exercise than in the rest period. Marked haemoconcentration was not produced by the exercise. In addition to changes in absorption and elimination rates, alteration in the volume of distribution might contribute to the higher serum drug concentration during exercise. Therefore, the level of physical activity should be considered in the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data both in clinical practice and in pharmacokinetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562453
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic parameters of bevantolol in volunteers (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 375-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bevantolol ; pharmacokinetics ; beta-blocking drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of the new beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug bevantolol and some aspects of its beta-blocking effect have been studied in healthy volunteers. Bevantolol had a short serum half-life (86±33 min) and high systemic availability after oral administration. The observed changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure during excercise and plasma renin activity were all compatible with beta-adrenoceptor blockade. After 200 mg p.o. in the morning, the effects lasted for less than 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of renal failure on the kinetics of zimeldine and norzimelidine (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: zimeldine ; norzimelidine ; pharmacokinetics ; renal insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of zimeldine (Z) and its demethylated metabolite, norzimelidine (NZ), were determined after administration of a single 200 mg oral dose of Z to 6 healthy volunteers (Group I), and to patients with mild (Group II) and severe renal failure (Group III). Z and NZ concentrations were assayed by HPLC in serial plasma and urine samples over 6 days following the dose. In Group I Z was rapidly absorbed and metabolized into NZ, and then the plasma concentrations declined with apparent elimination half-lives of 8.4 h and 24.9 h for Z and NZ respectively, whilst the renal clearance of both compounds was low, Z 15.7 ml/min and NZ 33.0 ml/min. The plasma level of Z differed little between Groups I and III, but the area under the curve was significantly higher in Group III than in Group I subjects (AUC0–144=17.3 and 6.8 µmol·l−1·h, respectively). Severe renal failure did not affect the peak plasma concentration of NZ but it did significantly increase peak time, apparent elimination half-life, and the area under the plasma concentration curve. A significant inverse relationship was found between renal clearance of NZ and plasma creatinine. Since NZ is as pharmacologically potent as Z, the results suggest that the dose of Z should be reduced in patients with severe renal insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544366
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timolol pharmacokinetics and effects on heart rate and blood pressure after acute and chronic administration (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: timolol ; beta blockade ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmcodynamics ; acute administration ; chronic administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and effects of various oral doses of timolol administered either acutely or after chronic medication for 7 days were studied in healthy volunteers. After acute administration of timolol maximum plasma concentrations were attained within 1–2 h and thereafter declined exponentially with time. The mean apparent half-life of elimination from plasma was 2.5 h and was independent of dose. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was proportional to the orally administered dose. Plasma concentrations, apparent elimination half-life and AUC were not altered after one week of chronic administration. The effect of timolol on heart rate and blood pressure response to three sequentially increasing ‘steady state’ work loads were studied. After acute administration of timolol maximum reduction of systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and the different parameters of the work-heart rate (or blood pressure) relationships were produced by 5 mg timolol. Increasing the dose prolonged the duration over which these variables were reduced. The relationship between timolol plasma concentration and inhibition of different parameters of the exercise response was hyperbolic with half maximum inhibition at concentrations of about 3–4 ng/ml of timolol and maximum inhibition above 30 ng/ml. Maximum drug effects and duration of action of timolol on the different variables were similar after acute and chronic administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608402
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