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  • Articles  (701)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (553)
  • Male
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (553)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (148)
  • 1985-1989  (505)
  • 1975-1979  (196)
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  • Articles  (701)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (553)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (148)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arthropod immune system: I. Comparative light and electron microscopic accounts of immunocytes and other hemocytes of Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopy (LM) and scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) disclose seven types of hemocytes in adults of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) - namely, prohemocytes (PR), granulocytes (GR), plasmatocytes (PL), spherulocytes (SP), adipohemocytes (AD), coagulocytes (CO), and oenocytoids (OE). Their shape, size, surface appearance, and internal ultrastructure are characterized here. The shapes and relative sizes of hemocytes noted in vitro have been compared with those flowing through the wing veins (in vivo). The GRs constitute more than 90% of the hemocyte population and have roles in the defense system such as encapsulation and phagocytosis. They are characterized by numerous cytoplasmic granules and marginal microtubular bundles, which are commonly noted in the blood cells of both vertebrates and invertebrates, but have been rarely reported in insect hemocytes. The PRs are characterized by being spherical and small, having a relatively large nucleus and a small area of cytoplasm. The polymorphic PLs have some micropapillae on the cell surface and fewer granules than the GRs. The SPs are characterized by an oblate shape, raspberrylike appearance in SEM, and many spherules in the cytoplasm. The ADs are spherical and have large, refringent fat droplets. The COs possess a distinctive cartwheellike appearance when observed by LM but resemble GRs in TEM preparations. The OEs are opaque and often have an eccentric nucleus. Of the seven types of hemocytes, all, except the COs, can be recognized both in vivo and in vitro by LM; the COs can be recognized only in vitro. SEM does not allow the COs to be distinguished from the GRs, except in samples in which coagulation has occurred. All hemocyte types can be recognized by TEM. Thus, all three types of microscopy allow the various types of hemocytes to be recognized; unequivocal discrimination among the cells is best achieved by combining all the three kinds of microscopy.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent development of resistance to 6-azauridine and adenosine in a mouse cell line This work was aided by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service (GM 18153 and CA 12504) and the National Foundation-March of Dimes, R.S.K. and O.J.M. are Career Scientists of the Health Research Council of the City of New York. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 86 (1975), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A variant of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient mouse A9 cell line has been obtained by selecting cells which are resistant to 6-azauridine. These cells are not only resistant to 6-azauridine (5 × 10-4 M), but also to adenosine (10-3 M). Resistance persists indefinitely even in the absence of both compounds. The resistant cells are killed by 5-fluorouridine (10-6 M), indicating that the part of the salvage pathway for pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis which is relevant to the action of 6-azauridine is intact. The heritable change producing concurrent resistance to 6-azauridine and adenosine probably involves the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040860202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective lethal effect of thymidine on human and mouse tumor cellsSupported by The Stehlin Foundation for Cancer Research. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 92 (1977), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human cell lines derived from a melanoma and a colon carcinoma, and cultures of human melanocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, as well as a mouse mesenchymal non-neoplastic cell line and a malignant subline of the same have been quantitatively studied in tissue culture for their sensitivity to thymidine. All three tumor lines produced solid tumors when injected into nude thymus-deficient mice. No tumors were obtained by injecting cells of the human normal long-term cultures or of the non-neoplastic mouse line.The tumor-producing lines showed a greater sensitivity to the lethal effects of high concentrations of thymidine than their non-tumor-producing counterparts. Less than 23% of the tumor cells survived 72 hours in the presence of 1 mg/ml of thymidine, in contrast to 60% or more of the non-tumor cells.Colony formation was much more inhibited by thymidine and the differential between normal and tumor cells was even more pronounced. Tumor cells which also were treated for 72 hours with 1 mg/ml of thymidine and then plated in fresh medium formed very few colonies. If the plating efficiency of the untreated controls is considered as 100%, 4.3% or less of the treated tumor cells formed colonies, in contrast to 33% or more of the non-tumor cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040920308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human sperm-egg interaction in vitro (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 15 (1986), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: in vitro fertilization ; sperm-egg fusion ; polyspermy ; sperm incorporation ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The early events of gamete membrane fusion and sperm incorporation are portrayed, which are possibly the earliest pictures of human conception on record.Oocytes recovered at laparoscopy from an in vitro fertilization programme using clomiphene and human menopausal and chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation were zona-punctured and examined for polyspermic penetration 3-6 hours after insemination. Three eggs were penetrated, and one donor became pregnant in the same cycle.Fusion occurred between the oolemma and the midsegment of the sperm cell membrane extending from the equatorial vestige of the acrosome to the anterior region of the postacrosomal segment. Only acrosome-reacted sperm were capable of fusing with the egg. Fusion was followed by incorporation of the spermhead into the ooplasm by a process akin to phagocytosis. Sperm chromatin decondensation occurred by progressive inflation and disorganization of the original nuclear envelope.The mechanism of gamete fusion and sperm incorporation resembles that observed during human monospermic fertilization and generally conforms to that reported for eutherian mammals.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120150405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ultrarapid freezing on meiotic and mitotic spindles of mouse oocytes and embryos (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 21 (1988), S. 385-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spindles ; oocytes ; embryos ; microtubules ; cryopreservation ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Preovulatory mouse oocytes and 2-cell embryos were frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide and propanediol by an ultrarapid method. The survival of frozen oocytes was low (33-34%) compared to that of 2-cell embryos (78-79%) with either cryoprotectant. Development to blastocysts after postthaw culture was about 7-15% for oocytes and 79-80% for the embryos.Ultrarapid freezing preserves cell structure quite well as revealed by electron microscopy, but meiotic oocytes and late 2-cell embryos undergoing mitosis showed evidence of spindle disorganization involving loss or clumping of microtubules resulting in some scattering of chromosomes. Embryos developed from frozen eggs showed clear evidence of micronuclear formation and incomplete incorporation of chromosomal material into main nuclei. These experiments confirm our observations on freezing of human oocytes and show that spindle microtubules are sensitive to freeze-thawing and that cryopreservation could cause chromosomal aberrations during early development. A cautious approach to the introduction of oocyte freezing in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs is advocated.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120210407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of early human embryos frozen with 1,2 propanediol (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 19 (1988), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; IVF ; in vitro fertilization ; embryo-freezing ; ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous studies by a French group (Fertil Steril 44:645-651, 1985) have shown that two-to eight-cell human embryos can survive slow freeze-thawing with propanediol in a biological freezer. These embryos were assessed for morphological appearance by phase-contrast microscopy. We assessed the structure of 25 frozen-thawed one- to 12-cell embryos, obtained from our in vitro fertilization (IVF) and GIFT programmes, by phase-contrast and electron microscopy, using the same method of cryopreservation. One-fourth of the embryos examined had all cells intact, and more than one-half the embryos had over 50% of their cells well preserved. Some of these embryos had unequal blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments. Ultrastructural assessment revealed good preservation of fine structure in the intact blastomeres of all embryos and maintenance of cell-to-cell contacts. Most cytoplasmic organelles, cell membranes, and nuclei were well preserved compared to nonfrozen controls. The cells that were cryoinjured showed varying degrees of disorganization of the cell membrane, cytosol, and cellular membranes, including swelling and disruption of the nuclear envelope. Disruption of the zona was somewhat rare. Small cytoplasmic fragments were less prone to cryoinjury than blastomeres. The use of propanediol for embryo cryopreservation seems to be feasible; frozen embryos with more than 50% cells intact have produced 10 pregnancies after embryo transfer (Fertil Steril 46:268-272, 1986). Replacement of 17 frozen embryos in seven patients has resulted in a twin pregnancy in Singapore. However, the effects of freezing on the mitotic spindles of embryonic cells need to be investigated further.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120190305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological variation in cryo-microanalytical data from mouse small intestinal villi (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature ; Microanalysis ; Duodenum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Microanalysis data obtained using low temperature scanning electron microscopy of frozen hydrated etched mouse duodenum gives information about peak/background ratios of various elements in different cellular compartments. The present paper describes ways in which the data can be analyzed to minimize artifactual variations and to make clear where there are genuine differences in peak/background ratios when readings from different animals are compared. Using these methods, it is shown that in some areas of villous epithelium there are measurable differences in the ratios of sodium, calcium, and sulphur.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050107
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  • 8
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    Receptor-mediated drug delivery to macrophages in chemotherapy of leishmaniasis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Methotrexate coupled to maleylated bovine serum albumin was taken up efficiently through the "scavenger" receptors present on macrophages and led to selective killing of intracellular Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes in cultured hamster peritoneal macrophages. The drug conjugate was nearly 100 times as effective as free methotrexate in eliminating the intracellular parasites. Furthermore, in a model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in hamsters, the drug conjugate brought about more than 90% reduction in the size of footpad lesions within 11 days. In contrast, the free drug at a similar concentration did not significantly affect lesion size. These studies demonstrate the potential of receptor-mediated drug delivery in the therapy of macrophage-associated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukhopadhyay, A -- Chaudhuri, G -- Arora, S K -- Sehgal, S -- Basu, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):705-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albumins/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Kinetics ; Leishmania mexicana/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis/*drug therapy ; Macrophages/metabolism/*parasitology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mesocricetus ; Methotrexate/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Receptors, Lipoprotein ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; Serum Albumin, Bovine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Microwave radiation and chlordiazepoxide: synergistic effects on fixed-interval behavior (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: In the presence of low-intensity pulsed microwave radiation, at an average power density of 1 milliwatt per square centimeter, the response-rate-increasing effects of chlordiazepoxide were potentiated in rats. The behavioral effects of a drug can be modified by brief exposure to a low-level microwave field even when the radiation level alone has no apparent effects on the behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, J R -- Burch, L S -- Yeandle, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1357-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Chlordiazepoxide/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Male ; *Microwaves ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Microwaves: effect on thermoregulatory behavior in rats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: Rats, with their fur clipped, pressed a lever to turn on an infrared lamp while in a cold chamber. When they were exposed to continuous-wave microwaves at 2450 megahertz for 15-minute periods, the rate at which they turned on the infrared lamp decreased as a function of the microwave power density, which ranged between 5 and 20 milliwatts per square centimeter. This result indicates that behaviorally significant levels of heating may occur at an exposure duration and intensities that do not produce measurable changes in many other behavioral measures or in colonic temperature. Further study of how microwaves affect thermoregulatory behavior may help us understand such phenomena as the reported "nonthermal" behavioral effects of microwaves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, S -- Margolin, L -- Weiss, B -- Lu, S T -- Michaelson, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*radiation effects ; Body Temperature Regulation/*radiation effects ; Male ; *Microwaves ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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