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  • Springer  (98)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (38)
  • Oxford University Press  (21)
  • 1985-1989  (103)
  • 1975-1979  (54)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 38 (1976), S. 161-192 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the effect of anatomic asymmetries on the gas concentration distribution in the pulmonary airways, a Monte Carlo simulation of combined bulk flow and molecular diffusion was carried out in a realistic distal airway model (Parkeret al., 1971). This airway model, composed of branches distal to the 0.5-ram diameter airways, contained an upper symmetric segment consisting of four generations of conducting airways and a lower asymmetric segment of alveolar ducts and sacs arranged in five transport paths of varying lengths. In accounting for the volume increases of these ducts and sacs occurring during normal respiration, uniform alveolar filling rates and a fixed length-to-diameter ratio of all airways were assumed. For a pulse injection of inert tracer gas, the simulation was employed to determine the longitudinal concentration profiles in the conducting airways. In the alveolated airways, not only were the longitudinal profiles determined along each path, but radial transport from the core to the periphery of the airways was considered. The results of the simulations indicate that geometric asymmetries alone contribute substantially to regional concentration variations in the distal airways. For example, when a gas bolus is injected at mid*inspiration, there are concentration differences as great as 40% between two points along different transport paths located equi-distant from the proximal end of the model. As viewed from the terminal end of the model (acinus), average concentration differences as large as 6-to-1 exist between the longest and shortest transport paths respectively for gas boli introduced near the end of inspiration. The results further indicate because of large radial diffusion rates, no significant concentration differences exist between the periphery a-ld the central core of alveolated airways. Simulation of the expired concentration profiles indicate that boll injected very late during inspiration exhibit a sloping tail, unlike the earlier injected boll whose tails are virtually horizontal. Through the use of superposition teehniqnes, it was found that these sloping tails correspond to an alveolar slope of 1.5 vol% between 750 and 1250 ml expired for a continuous washing of tracer. This result is in disagreement with other transport analyses which did not directly account for the effect of geometric asymmetries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 3 (1986), S. 26-32 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hydrogen bond patterns ofo-alkoxybenzoic acids have been shown previously to involve intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In this paper we show thato-methoxybenzoic acid (I) and o-ethoxybenzoic acid (II) both exist as monomers with intramolecular hydrogen bonds in solution but that, in the solid-state,I crystallizes as hydrogen-bonded dimers whileII crystallizes with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The correlation between solution and solid-state hydrogen bond patterns is made using solution and solid-state IR and NMR methods and by correlating the solid-state patterns with known X-ray crystal structures. The crystal structure ofI is reported here. Crystal data: monoclinicP21/n;a=7.002(2),b=14.945(9),c=7.719(4) Å,β=115.44(3)°,Z=4,V=729.4 Å3, andR=0.046 (1660 reflections).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transportation 7 (1978), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Improved criteria are necessary to aid in determining awards of federal funds for metropolitan transit projects. Commuting is the main use for public transit. Thus a primary objective of an urban transit system should be to provide a flexible and balanced set of options to the workers in the metropolitan area for their journey to work. This paper discusses various facets of an appropriate balance among the three modes: rapid rail, bus, and automobile. Three cities are selected for further analysis: Baltimore, Kansas City, and Phoenix. These cities represent different stages in economic-transportation development, and also present different spatial patterns of residence and employment. The applicability of rapid rail transit to each city is examined in view of central city worker concentration and recent trends.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Integral equations and operator theory 2 (1979), S. 130-137 
    ISSN: 1420-8989
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An explicit formula for the second quantization of a contraction matrix on a finite dimensional Hilbert space is derived by means of dilation theory. When the dimension is one, this reduces to Mehler's formula.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 167-172 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding behavior ; leaf center or edge feeders ; chemical signals ; trial design ; Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plagiodera versicolora Laich (Coléo., Chrysomelidae) a préféré significativement consommer les grandes rondelles (diamètre 17 mm) de Populus deltoides préalablement exposées à l'ozone ambiant, aux témoins exposés à de l'air filtré sur charbon de bois. Cependant, quand le diamètre a été réduit à 10 mm, les insectes n'ont plus préféré les feuilles soumises à l'ozone. Les préférences alimentaires de cet insecte consommant le centre des feuilles ont probablement changé parceque les signaux chimiques de la coupure ont surpassé ou masqué ceux des petits disques. Ainsi, le rapport périmètre sur surface du disque est un critère important de la procédure expérimentale. L'influence de la taille du disque dépend vraisemblablement du fait que l'insecte consomme le centre ou la pourtour de la feuille, de la taille de l'insecte et du type d'expérience. Nous en avons déduit que l'effet de la taille du disque est fréquent particulièrement chez les insectes consommant le centre des feuilles. Les modificatons du choix des insectes lorsque les plantes avaient été présentées sous forme de rondelles au lieu de feuilles ou plantes entières, peuvent être expliqués aussi par le changement des signaux provoqué par le découpage des rondelles, plutôt que par l'induction de modifications chimiques dues à la cueillette, comme cela a été précédemment indiqué par différents auteurs. Par ailleurs, dans les conditions naturelles, des changements dans les signaux chimiques des feuilles dus à une consommation antérieure par des insectes, peuvent être aussi importants dans le comportement alimentaire des insectes que n'importe quel changement chimique induit dans les feuilles par les dégâts.
    Notes: Abstract The size of cottonwood (Populus deltoides L. Bartr.) leaf discs used in insect feeding preference trials with the chrysomelid beetle, Plagiodera versicoloraLaich., was shown to affect behavior, and the outcome of the feeding trial. It is suggested that disc size has an effect because it alters the ratio of chemical signals from the cut leaf edge to those of the intact leaf center. The implications of this finding to the design of bioassays; to previously noted differences in feeding behavior for insects on discs versus leaves; and to the study of feeding preference and induction of plant defense are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1986), S. 548-555 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 8 (1979), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three experiments with a sabellid polychaete (Eudistylia vancouveri) show the threshold concentration for increasing copper accumulation with time to lie between 3 and 6 μg/L total copper in seawater during winter conditions. The branchial crown, probably the major absorptive site, concentrated more copper than the body. Accumulation was influenced by size but not by sex. Our studies indicate that the body burden of copper will increase above natural levels in areas of industrial discharge where copper levels are above the threshold limit for accumulation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 14 (1979), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 94 (1988), S. 441-444 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: infrared ; reflection ; silicon dioxide ; silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We report the FTIR spectra as a function of incident angle and polarization of a 307 Å layer of silicon dioxide on silicon substrate. Bands normally obscured in transmission spectra are revealed and can dominate the reflection spectra at incident angles away from normal. Strong band distortions were observed as the incident angle and polarization were varied. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations based on published optical constants. Thus, quantitative interpretations of IR spectra of silicon dioxide on silicon should be made with caution.
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