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  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (16)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
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    A model of the Venus atmosphere from radio, radar, and occultation observations (1979)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Center-to-limb observations of Saturn in the thermal infrared (1975)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1975-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Infrared observations of planetary atmospheres (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Infrared data was obtained on planetary atmospheres which provides critical information on atmospheric structure, composition, and cloud properties in support of planetary missions such as Voyager and Galileo. Mapping of Jupiter and Saturn in thermal and reflected solar radiation is a high-priority monitoring and exploratory activity. Some of these images of Jupiter are shown. Radiation at 17.8 micrometer probes the upper tropospheric temperature structure where spatial structure bears a strong resemblance to visible and near-infrared reflected sunlight such as at 2.0 micrometer. At 7.8 micrometer, stratospheric temperatures appear to have a three-banded structure, enhancements near the magnetic poles and occasional transient features such as the equatorial filament near the right limb. Clouds or hazes are observed high in the stratosphere looking at wavelengths such as 2.2 micrometer, where gaseous opacity is very strong. Other maps examine cloud properties from thermal radiation not strongly influenced by gaseous opacity and the distribution of condensable gases, such as ammonia. Millimeter and submillimeter filtered radiometric observations were made of Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune via collaborative work. Radiometric observations of Uranus and Neptune at 21 and 32 micrometer were acquired and analyzed as well as grating array spectra in the ranges of 8 to 14 micrometer, 16 to 23 micrometer, and 18 to 32 micrometer. These showed evidence for C2H2 in the stratosphere of Uranus and C2H4 in the stratosphere of Neptune.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 49-50
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Far infrared and submillimeter brightness temperatures of the giant planets (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The brightness temperatures of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune in the range 35 to 1000 micron. The effective temperatures derived from the measurements, supplemented by shorter wavelength Voyager data for Jupiter and Saturn, are 126.8 + or - 4.5 K, 93.4 + or - 3.3 K, 58.3 + or - 2.0 K, and 60.3 + or - 2.0 K, respectively. The implications of the measurements for bolometric output and for atmospheric structure and composition are discussed. The temperature spectrum of Jupiter shows a strong peak at approx. 350 microns followed by a deep valley at approx. 450 to 500 microns. Spectra derived from model atmospheres qualitatively reproduced these features but do not fit the data closely.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-88179 , REPT-86003 , NAS 1.15:88179 , PREPRINT-SERIES-33
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    A model of the Venus atmosphere from radio, radar, and occultation observations (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A model is presented of the atmosphere and surface of Venus which best fits in the least-squares sense the available radio-brightness, radar cross-section, radio interferometric, and Mariner 5 and 10 radio occultation observations. The determinations of the radius of the planet obtained by others from radar time-delay measurements are included in the data set. The values of the adjusted parameters are: molar fraction of CO2 = 95 plus or minus 3%; fraction of combined nitrogen and argon = 5 plus or minus 3%; total atmospheric opacity at a wavelength of 1 cm = 19.4 plus or minus 1.3; mean radius of the surface = 6050.7 plus or minus 0.8 km; mean dielectric constant of the surface = 4.1 plus or minus 0.2, and percentage of total opacity due to chemical species other than CO2 = 45 plus or minus 12. The model temperature and pressure at the mean surface are 755 K and 91.4 atm, respectively.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 234
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Center-to-limb observations of Saturn in the thermal infrared (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 195; Jan. 1
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The thermal structure of Jupiter. II - Observations and analysis of 8-14 micron radiation (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of Jovian limb structure at 8.11 and 8.45 microns are reported. These are used along with other limb structure and spectral data in the 8-14 micron region to derive a model of the thermal and cloud structure within the 1.0-0.01 bar pressure regime. The temperature is about 165 K at 1.00 bar, 108 K at 0.10 bar, and 143 K at 0.03 bar. In zones, an optically opaque cloud of NH3 exists near the 143 K (0.60 bar) level. A partly transparent haze of solid NH3 particles overlies the cloud. Belts are free of the cloud and have a much lower abundance of NH3 haze than the zones. The data are consistent with an NH3 gas abundance defined by saturation equilibrium, with a mixing ratio of 0.00015 deep in the atmosphere, and with a CH4 mixing ratio of 0.002, about three times the currently accepted value.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 26; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    The brightness temperature of Venus and the absolute flux-density scale at 608 MHz. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The disk temperature of Venus was measured at 608 MHz near the inferior conjunction of 1972, and a value of 498 plus or minus 33 K was obtained using a nominal CKL flux-density scale. The result is consistent with earlier measurements, but has a much smaller uncertainty. Our theoretical model prediction is larger by a factor of 1.21 plus or minus 0.09. This discrepancy has been noticed previously for frequencies below 1400 MHz, but was generally disregarded because of the large observational uncertainties. No way could be found to change the model to produce agreement without causing a conflict with well-established properties of Venus. Thus it is suggested that the flux-density scale may require an upward revision, at least near this frequency, in excess of what has previously been considered likely.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 183; Aug. 1
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    High resolution interferometric observations of Venus at three radio wavelengths. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    The thermal structure of Jupiter. I - Implications of Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer data (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Temperature profiles for low latitude regions of Jupiter in the 1.0-0.1 bar pressure regime are recovered from Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer data. The temperature near 0.1 bar is 108-117 K, depending on the overlying thermal structure assumed. For the South Equatorial Belt (SEB), the temperature at 1.0 bar is 170 K, assuming an adiabatic lapse rate in the deep atmosphere. The South Tropical Zone temperature at this level is 155 K if pure gaseous absorption is assumed. The temperature is much closer to that in the SEB, assuming the presence of an optically opaque cloud near the 0.6 atm (145 K) level. Such a cloud presence in the STrZ may be correlated with the visible and 5 micron appearance of the planet and with NH3 saturation just below this position. The molar fraction of H2 most consistent with the data is 0.91 + or - 0.08. The effective temperatures of the SEB and STrZ are 127.6 and 124.2 K, respectively. A discrepancy with the preliminary neutral atmosphere inversion of Pioneer 10 radio occultation data remains unexplained.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 26; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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