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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wachstum und Gefüge von Oxidschichten auf einkristallinem (100) und polykristallinem Chrom zwischen 550 und 900 °CDie Oxidation von polykristallinem und (100)-Cr bei Temperaturen zwischen 550 und 900°C und Sauerstoffbrücken zwischen 5 × 10-3 und 5 × 10-1 torr (bei Verwendung von Oberflächenvorbehandlungen, welche die ausschließliche Bildung von festhaftendem einheitlichem, porenfreiem polykristallinem α-Cr2O3 gewährleisten) folgt langzeitig einem parabolischen Zeitgesetz mit einer Aktivierungsenergie von etwa 51 kcal mol-1. Die durch aufeinanderfolgende Oxidation in 18O2 und 16O2 erzeugten Oxidschichten konnten mittels polyatomarer SIMS analysiert werden, so daß das Ausmaß des Sauerstofftransports in den wachsenden Oxidschichten und der Wachstumsmechanismus geklärt werden konnten. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß der dominierende Wachstumsmechanismus der Kationentransport nach außen ist und nur ein kleiner, jedoch nicht zu vernachlässigender Transport an Sauerstoff entlang der Oxidkorngrenzen nach innen erfolgt. Etwa 1% des Oxids entsteht innerhalb der Zunderschicht durch diese Diffusion nach innen. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten von Sauerstoff waren um mehrere Größenordnungen höher als die Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten des Sauerstoffs in Cr2O3, doch waren sie immer noch weitaus zu niedrig, um die beobachteten Oxidationsgeschwindigkeiten erklären zu können.
    Notes: The oxidation of polycrystalline and (100) Cr at temperatures from 550-900°C and 5 × 10-3 to 5 × 10-1 torr oxygen pressure, choosing surface pretreatments such that only adherent, uniform, pore-free polycrystalline α-Cr2O3 is produced, show long term parabolic growth kinetics with an activation energy ∽ 51 kcal mol-1. Oxide layers, produced by sequential oxidation in 18O2 and 16O2, were suitable for the application of polyatomic SIMS to elucidate the extent of oxygen transport in the growing oxides and the mechanism for their growth. The data show that the predominant growth mechanism is by outward cation transport, with a small yet significant amount of inward oxygen diffusion down oxide grain boundaries. ∽ 1% of the oxide is created within the film as a result of this inward diffusion. Oxygen diffusion coefficients were found to be orders of magnitude higher than oxygen self diffusion coefficients in Cr2O3 but much too low to account for the observed oxidation rates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 52-53 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Instrumentation in gas chromatography ; Capillary Injector ; Injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography using a short packed column (45 cm, 0.2 cm i.d., 2% OV-101 on Gas-Chrom Q) with mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode has been found satisfactory for the analysis of lower as well as higher polybrominated biphenyls. Acceptable sensitivity (〈1 ng) may be achieved for this method by focusing selectively at either the low (m/z 20-600) or the high (m/z 600-1000) range of the quadrupole filter (low range for mono- through hexabromobiphenyl, high range for hexa- through decabromobiphenyl). A tuning technique has been developed for low range and high range polybrominated biphenyls using the ion abundances of perfluorotributylamine as a standard. Standard ions for the quantitation of mono- through decabromobiphenyls were selected and validated. The technique was applied to the analysis of a variety of environmental samples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a study to make a comparative analysis of selected halogenated compounds in man and the environmental media, a quantitative gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the levels of the halogenated compounds found in the breath, blood and urine of an exposed population (Old Love Canal area, Niagara, New York) and their immediate environment (air and water) was undertaken. In addition, levels of halogenated hydrocarbons in air samples taken in the general Buffalo, Niagara Falls area were determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computer-driven ion beam deflection system is described. This system allows custom tailoring of the ion beam raster to optimize SIMS depth profile performance. The ion beam is deflected to produce an approximately elliptical crater, which better matches the acceptance geometry of the ion extraction optics. A crater with a larger and more evenly flat bottom is produced by varying the resident time of the ion beam within the raster area, thus allowing for the collection of more signal with better depth resolution. This is accomplished by creating an array of equally spaced sputter points on the sample, taking into account the orientation of the ion gun and the SIMS optics with respect to the sample normal. The resident time of the ion beam along the crater perimeter is extended and the raster and mass spectrometer are synchronized. The improvement in performance is shown using a strain layer superlattice test sample 720 nm thick, consisting of 40 double layers of Si/Si-30% Ge.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 10 (1987), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comparison of three surface-analytical methods, viz: variable escape angle Auger electron spectroscopy, Auger sputter profiling and SIMS sputter profiling, is presented for a 1.8 nm-thick ‘passive’ oxide film on Fe-25% Cr alloy. The three techniques give identical results regarding the composition of the film as a function of depth. This means that with the proper choice of sputtering conditions (heavy ions of low energy), sputter mixing and sputter reduction are not a problem. It is evident from the experimental data that SIMS sputter profiling has the best depth resolution of the three techniques for such a thin film.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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