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  • Articles  (12)
  • Canadian Science Publishing  (12)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1980-1984  (6)
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Formulation of backfill material for a nuclear fuel waste disposal vault (1986)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-01
    Description: The Canadian concept for disposing of nuclear fuel waste, currently being studied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and Ontario Hydro, is to permanently place the waste in an underground vault located in plutonic rock of the Canadian Shield at a depth of 500–1000 m. The waste will be in containers surrounded by a buffer material. Following waste emplacement, the vault will be backfilled. The quantity of backfill material required will be between 5 and 10 million cubic metres.The development of backfill material for a nuclear fuel waste vault is directed at determining the appropriate composition of backfill material that will meet the stringent criteria to be set by AECL to ensure its successful performance. The criteria, with respect to engineering behaviour, include low hydraulic conductivity, sufficient swelling capacity upon wetting, low shrinkage upon drying, and low segregation tendency. The methodology adopted and the results obtained are described in this paper. Using a mixture of crushed granite aggregate and glacial Lake Agassiz clay, a potential candidate for backfill material would have a maximum grain size of 19.1 mm and a clay content of at least 25% by weight. Such a backfill material will yield low hydraulic conductivity (close to that of the pure clay) and other properties well within the acceptable range. Key words: aggregate–clay mixture, swelling clay, hydraulic conductivity, backfill, waste management.
    Print ISSN: 0008-3674
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    Influence of cyclic load input on the mechanical properties of a sensitive soil from Orleans, Ontario (1980)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-01
    Description: The importance of disturbance and remoulding to the alteration of mechanical properties of sensitive soils has been well documented in the geotechnical literature both in terms of laboratory and field behaviours. Man-made transient dynamic input such as dynamite blasting, heavy vehicles, and train movement have been suspected of being capable of causing a reduction in the in situ strength parameters of sensitive clays. A laboratory test program was undertaken to determine whether dynamic loading at peak stress levels below normal failure strength caused similar changes in the mechanical properties, and specifically to quantify the phenomena.In order to simulate highly overconsolidated conditions most of the tests were carried out under conditions of no confining pressure, although supplemental data were obtained from consolidated undrained tests. Some of the variables examined in this program were confining pressure, mean deviatoric stress, cyclic deviatoric stress, cyclic strain, number of applications, frequency, and reference strength. In order to compare the effect of dynamic input with the long-term creep phenomena, a simultaneous constant load program was undertaken.In general terms, the study indicates that under the prestated laboratory test conditions no major reduction in peak strength was found under dynamic loading, and that failure would occur at comparative stress levels under dead-load conditions, but required a greater time. In addition, examination of the sample after failure revealed that any remoulding of the sample appeared to be restricted to the area adjacent to the shear zone.
    Print ISSN: 0008-3674
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Significance of amorphous material relative to sensitivity in some Champlain clays: Reply (1980)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0008-3674
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    On the stability and settling of suspended solids in settling ponds. Part I. Piece-wise linear consolidation analysis of sediment layer (1983)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-01
    Description: The resultant large overall strains resulting from the consolidation of low solids content slurry sediments, such as those obtained in settling ponds, are predicted and compared with actual results for two sludge settling ponds. The computer technique developed in association with the piece-wise linear consolidation model permits inclusion of self-weight and eliminates restrictions such as small strains, constant load, and constant material consolidation parameters by solving the governing equations using the finite difference iterative technique. Good agreement between predicted and measured field values for the two ponds has been obtained. Keywords: large-strain consolidation, settling ponds, sediments, piece-wise linear consolidation, finite difference, iterative technique.
    Print ISSN: 0008-3674
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Extraction and characterization of organics from two Champlain Sea subsurface soils (1988)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-01
    Description: The focus of this investigation is to establish whether organic materials are present in subsurface soils in measurable and significant quantities. Two subsurface soils from the Champlain Sea region were chosen for study. Organic carbon concentrations of 0.5% as total organic carbon (TOC) were detected in the soils studied at depths up to 14.2 m. The extraction and subsequent analyses of organic compounds permitted one to classify these as humic acids, fulvic acids, humins, and nonhumic materials. Extraction of these subsurface soil organics was achieved using a modified HCl–NaOH extraction method. The extracted organics were analyzed for TOC to confirm their organic nature as well as for study of their surface chemistry. The compositional and structural characteristics of the extracts were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Key words: subsurface soil organics, humic materials, nonhumic organics, organics extraction, Champlain Sea clays.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
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    A laboratory study of tiebacks in cohesive soil (1987)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 1987-02-01
    Description: The short-term and long-term behaviour of tiebacks anchored in cohesive soils are not well understood, particularly regarding basic component responses of the overall tieback system. There are shortcomings in the predictive capacity for short-term and long-term performances both in individual tiebacks and complete systems. Nevertheless, the methods currently being used to calculate the ultimate resistance to pull-out of individual or groups of tiebacks appear to be conservative.A physical-model laboratory test facility has been designed to investigate the short-term and long-term behaviour of small-scale straight-shafted tiebacks anchored in cohesive soils to provide the following: pore-water pressure measurements, tieback lock-off, measurement of total and residual tieback movement, measurement of load distribution along the tieback, and unearthing of the tieback. The laboratory tieback behaviour has been studied using both consolidated and compacted clay, to indicate the effects of stress history, loading test technique, and overburden pressure on tieback performance. Key words: clay, creep, laboratory tieback test, tieback, soil anchor, consolidation, soil–structure interaction.
    Print ISSN: 0008-3674
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
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    Creep behaviour of a buffer material for nuclear fuel waste vault (1985)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: In the Canadian nuclear fuel waste disposal concept currently under study, one of the prime candidate procedures is the borehole emplacement technique. Each fuel waste container will be placed in a 1.1 m diameter hole in the floor of a disposal vault in deep plutonic rock. The container will be surrounded by buffer material consisting of a mixture of clay and sand. This study examines the creep behaviour of the buffer material in the borehole during interaction with the waste container and the host rock. It simulated the buffer – container – host rock interaction through a small-scale physical model using the loading pressures anticipated in the full-size system. The results from the model tests were compared with those predicted by a finite element analytical model. The creep behaviour of the full-size system was then predicted using the analytical model.From the results, it is evident that the creep behaviour of the buffer material depends significantly on interaction within the container – buffer – host rock system, overburden pressure, and water uptake. At relatively low overburden pressures, the waste container might settle, causing a separation between the buffer material and the container top. However, this could be alleviated by the swelling properties of the buffer material. The secondary creep rates are negligible, and creep in the buffer material is primarily governed by the primary creep stage. Key words: creep, model test, swelling soil, soil deformation, unsaturated soil, finite element analysis.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6010
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
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    Geologic control on soil composition and properties, Lake Ojibway clay plain, Matagami, Quebec (1985)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: Varved clays deposited in proglacial Lake Ojibway at Matagami, Quebec, were derived from two source areas: carbonate-deficient, Precambrian crystalline igneous rocks from New Quebec to the east and carbonate-rich Palaeozoic rocks from the James Bay lowlands in Ontario to the west. About 50% of the 12–15 m thick clay section consists of varved clays containing less than 3% carbonate, reflecting the New Quebec source. The remaining 50% of the section consists of two pulses of carbonate-enriched varves (15–30% carbonate) derived from rock flour in two glacial advances known as Cochrane I and Cochrane II, which advanced to within 20 km of Matagami.The clays are preconsolidated at the site by a combination of desiccation, groundwater level drawdown, and bonding, in such a way that σp′ is almost constant at 70 kPa at depths from 3.5 to 10 m.High in situ water contents correlate with thinner, low-carbonate, distal varves of high activity. The est correlations are obtained for relative activity, Ac(rel), defined as plasticity index ÷ specific surface area (Ip ÷ SS). Carbonate seems to have effectively neutralized smectite in the Cochrane proximal varves, rendering the distal varves (of New Quebec source) the most active clays at the site. Key words: varved clay, activity, carbonate, turbidity currents, glacial geology.
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    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
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    On the stability and settling of suspended solids in settling ponds. Part II. Diffusion analysis of initial settling of suspended solids (1984)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-01
    Description: The initial settling behaviour of the low solids concentration suspensions is examined and analyzed to provide information on sedimentation characteristics and distribution of solids concentration profiles with time. The presence of surface-active forces, which participate in development of the suspended solids settling characteristics, does not always permit easy application of standard sedimentation models for calculating settling rates of the suspended solids. A simplified diffusion–convection model using the relative flux approach has been developed to predict the initial settling performance of the suspended solids. Experimentally determined fluid diffusion coefficients relative to diffused volumetric fluid contents are obtained to provide input to the calculations for prediction of actual test cases. Comparisons using laboratory settling test data, together with information from a field settling pond, are made with predictions obtained using the model. The comparative results show that the analyses obtained using the theoretical model can predict initial settling of the suspended solids. Key words: suspended solids, settling, sedimentation, diffusion, solids concentration, fines thickening.
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    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Application of electric polarization to contaminant detection in soils (1989)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-01
    Description: Preliminary experiments indicate the feasibility of constructing for field use a contaminant-detection instrumentation based on dielectric measurements. This study applies the technique of time-domain reflectometry to assess characteristic "signatures" of some selected contaminants and soil–contaminant mixtures. The results imply that a proper differentiation between various signatures can be attained, allowing an assessment in regard to soil–contaminant status. The proposed technique is similar in principle to the induced-polarization method applied in mineral exploration. Key words: electric polarization, contaminant transport, dielectrics, induced polarization, nonpolar liquids, time-domain reflectometry, relaxation, contaminant–soil interaction.
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    Topics: Geosciences
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