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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar Rotation (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 22 (1984), S. 131-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.001023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanostructures (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 16 (1986), S. 441-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.16.080186.002301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Ecology and Biochemistry of Insect Hydrocarbons (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 27 (1982), S. 149-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.27.010182.001053
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Range and accuracy in backscatter measurements (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between measurement accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio for attenuation, joint loss, link loss and fault location measurements is established for both coherent and incoherent OTDRs. For each parameter, range is defined as the maximum distance over which a minimum acceptable measurement accuracy, or corresponding minimum acceptable signal-to-noise ratio, is attained. Range, defined in this way, serves as a basis for the comparison of different OTDRs. Results are presented which verify the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029874
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the noise of high-transimpedance amplifiers for long-wavelength pulse OTDRs (1987)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 19 (1987), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Noise measurements on high-transimpedance amplifiers suitable for long-wavelength OTDRs give results higher than is predicted by normal noise models. Consequently, we have developed two useful techniques to measure independently the noise contribution of the JFET and the feedback resistor to the overall amplifier noise. p ]Our results show that the noise of the JFET is in accordance with an accurate theoretical model for such a device. In contrast, the noise from the feedback resistor is much higher than is predicted from the normal resistance-capacitance model for such a component. This increase results from the distributed nature of high-ohmic resistors. Our results indicate that both choice of resistor manufacturer and individual selection of a resistor from a specific manufacturer are warranted. By selecting a low-noise resistor we demonstrate a 500-MΩ transimpedance amplifier with an input equivalent noise current of 13.8 pA. In comparison, the same amplifier with a noisy resistor had an input equivalent noise current of 23 pA. p ]We use our results to show that a reasonable value of the input equivalent noise current of a low-noise photodiode-amplifier combination is 20 pA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029880
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistics of coherently detected backscatter and range performance of coherent OTDRs (1987)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 19 (1987), S. 145-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We derive the statistics of a coherently detected backscatter waveform taking into account the effects of polarization. For the first time these statistics are related to measurable parameters. We show that for long-range OTDRs the effects of polarization are statistically small. In relation to the demodulation process we used our statistical model to show that for long-range operation and with heterodyne detection all types of demodulation provide similar performance. With homodyne detection half-wave demodulation results in a 7 dB lower signal-to-noise ratio than the other types of demodulation which have similar performance. There is the usual 3 dB advantage of homodyne over heterodyne detection. Our results indicate that with the same launched powers, the signal obtained from a coherent OTDR can have up to a 37 dB better signal-to-noise ratio than one obtained from an incoherent pulse OTDR. This results in a 9 dB range advantage. We verify previously tabulated results which we found apply only for short-range operation. We use our model to predict the limits of long-range performance and to predict the effect of speckle on averaging. Finally, we explain the breakpoint behaviour that can be seen in results already reported and which is characteristic of linear full- or half-wave envelope demodulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030651
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in insect defensive secretions (1986)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 73 (1986), S. 735-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399245
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bleaching of reef coelenterates in the San Blas Islands, Panama (1984)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 3 (1984), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Starting in June 1983, 25 species of hermatypic corals, gorgonians, hydrocorals, anemones and zoanthids in the San Blas Islands, Panama, began showing signs of a loss of colour leading in some cases to a white “bleached” appearance. Histologic examination of six coral species indicated that bleaching was associated with drastic reductions in the density of zooxanthellae and with the atrophy and necrosis of the animal tissue. The severity of the bleaching varied among species and many species were unaffected. The species most extensively affected were: Agaricia spp., which became completely bleached and frequently died; Montastraea annularis which bleached and continued to survive; and Millepora spp. which bleached white but quickly regained their colouration. Shallow reefs dominated by Agaricia spp. suffered the most extensive bleaching. At one site, Pico Feo, 99% of the Agaricia (32% of the living cover) was bleached. On fore reers, which were dominated by Agaricia spp. and M. annularis, the proportion of M. annularis bleached ranged from 18 to 100% and that of Agaricia spp. from 30 to 53%. Transects at Sail Rock and House Reef were surveyed in August 1983 and January 1984. At those sites, 53% of the Agaricia cover died between August and January. The remaining living cover of Agaricia and of all other species exhibited normal colouration in January. Salinity and temperature were monitored every second day at 4 m depth between May 10 and August 28, 1983 at one of the localities. Bleaching was first observed within two weeks of a 2 °C rise in temperature which occurred in late May 1983. Temperatures remained at or above 31.5 °C for the following 3 weeks and were at or above 30 °C for an additional 4 weeks. The bleaching of corals in the San Blas was most likely due to those elevanted temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288253
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale structure of the sun's corona from radio observations using the Clark Lake Radioheliograph (1987)
    Springer
    Solar physics 108 (1987), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present meterwave maps of the solar corona made with the Clark Lake Radioheliograph at 30.9, 50, and 73.8 MHz for one solar rotation. We compare and contrast them with optical data: 10830 Å maps, white-light coronagraph images (SOLWIND and Mauna Loa K coronameter) and forbidden line scans. Most of the sources in the radio maps persist for two days or more, and appear to rotate approximately with the solar rate. A coronal hole seen against the disk at all three frequencies shows interesting similarities and significant differences with the optical signatures of the hole. Elongated features of the 50 MHz corona correspond rather well to the azimuthal position of white light streamers seen in SOLWIND images. Synoptic charts made from the radio maps show overall similarities to synoptic charts constructed from (limb) coronagraph data. Some of the differences may result from the different weightings given by the radio and optical data to density and temperature, or by the different sensitivities to non-radial geometries. We show that the combined use of meter wave and optical images provide considerable new insights into the three-dimensional structure of the low to middle corona.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152081
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of metre-wavelength solar bursts associated with coronal mass ejections (1986)
    Springer
    Solar physics 105 (1986), S. 149-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation is made to determine the relationship between a coronal mass ejection (CME) and the characteristics of associated metre-wave activity. It is found that (1) the CME width and leading edge velocity can be highly influential in determining the intensity, spectral complexity and frequency coverage of both type II and continuum bursts; (2) the presence of a CME is possibly a necessary condition for the production of a metric continuum event and (3) metric continuum bursts as well as intense, complex type II events are preferentially associated with strong, long lasting soft X-ray events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156384
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