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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (47)
  • American Physical Society  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (33)
  • 1980-1984  (25)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Studies with mouse ova indicated that integration of a gene into host chromosomes is much more efficient with nuclear than with cytoplasmic injection14. On this basis, we reasoned that nuclear injection would be an appropriate first approach with other species. The first problem encountered was ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cloned complementary DNAs corresponding to the 52-, S3~ and S6-allelic glycoproteins6 have recently been isolated2'3. The primary amino-acid sequences of three S-glycoproteins show some regions that are perfectly conserved and other regions that are less homologous3. Sequence analysis reveals ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Model calculations on the explosion of free gas clouds containing mixtures of hydrocarbons and air. The procedure presented permits a description of continuously and discontinuously accelerated explosions. The explosions considered are deflagrations, i. e. combustion-supported compression waves. It is possible to calculate, for a given rate of propagation of a flame front or the motion of a piston assigned in a model, the corresponding flow field (compression wave). The corresponding pressure, density, and velocity distributions can be utilized for safety considerations. Application of the results requires that the simulated acceleration processes can be transformed into real events. With the experimental results presently available this is possible only in very crude fashion and can serve only as a rough preliminary guide.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 55 (1983), S. 931-939 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Motion of fine grained particles, suspended in turbulent flow. This article considers the motion of particles, suspended in turbulent flow. If the particles are sufficiently small to respond to turbulence, their motion includes stochastic components. Concerning processes like air classification or separation of fine powders the stochastic contribution - characterized by the conception of a particle diffusivity - the particle motion exhibits a detrimental influence. Sharpness of cut and separation efficiency are reduced. The paper aims to present the state of the art in particle diffusion. First, theoretical investigations are reported, attention being focused on the equation of motion of the particle which is the link between the motion of the fluid and the motion of the particle. Then, experimental results are reviewed. The following tendencies can be seen: Particles which response to turbulence of fluid flow show increasing diffusivity with increasing inertia. Field forces like gravity or electrical field forces exhibit a damping effect on diffusivity.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1071-1080 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Enthalpies of solution, dilution and mixing of several dextran fractions with different molecular weights (MW) and low MW carbohydrates were determined in water and dimethyl sulfoxide at 25°C. The enthalpies of solution of dextran increase in the oligomer range up to a MW of about 1000; for higher MWs the enthalpies of solution are almost constant. The enthalpies of dilution decrease strongly with increasing MW and remain constant for MWs higher than 2 000. The interaction parameter was found to depend on the concentration of the solute in both solvents. From the experimental results it can be concluded that dimethyl sulfoxide is a better solvent for glucose and dextran than water. In dilute solutions glucose interacts considerably more strongly with the solvent than dextran. The conformational properties of dextran are similar in both solvents; for MWs above 2 000 the degree of solvation is found to be independent from the MW.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 991-1001 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS) was carried out in the absence of oxygen between 292 and 336°C. The formed volatile products were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of gas charomatography. It was found that the composition of the volatile fraction is a function of conversion and independent of temperature for most of the products. A radical chain mechanism is proposed to explain these experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2205-2212 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of branching on the radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius of dextran macromolecules was studied by elastic and quasielastic light scattering (ELS and QELS). The hydrodynamic radius is more sensitive to low levels of branching than the radius of gyration. At higher branching levels a saturation of the hydrodynamic radius rh is observed, while the radius of gyration rG still changes distinctly. The ratio rG/rh proves to be a measure of the flexibility of the macromolecules; the latter is increasing with molecular weight for short linear chains and is decreasing with increasing degree of branching. Measurements were carried out in water (thermodynamically good solvent) and in ethylene glycol (under theta conditions) on four series of dextran fractions having rather narrow molecular weight distributions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 1207-1218 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polydisperse polystyrene samples with mol. wts. (M̄n) between 60000 and 22000 has been investigated at different temperatures under oxygen free conditions. Product analysis has been carried out by GPC. The experimental degradation could be simulated by a model consisting of scission and depolymerization. The dynamical behaviour of this model is expressed in a matrix from. The ratio of scission and depolymerization is constant for all polymers and different temperatures during degradation. Therefore, a master curve could be evaluated, which gives a general relation between the decrease of mol. wt. and the mass of volatiles. Finally a radical chain mechanism has been proposed in a lumped form which is consistent with the kinetic model and the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 561-582 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal behavior of polydisperse poly(p-methylstyrene) (PPMS) samples with M̄w's of 99200 and 356000 g/mol was investigated under oxygen-free conditions at temperatures between 220 and 345°C. The reaction products were analysed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gas chromatography (GC) and swelling measurements. In the initial stage of the reaction crosslinking occurs; at higher temperatures the gel decomposes to polymers with a low degree of polymerization and to volatile products with molecular weights in the range up to trimers. A radical chain mechanism is proposed for degradation which explains the experimental results. On this basis a model is evaluated for gel formation, which is discussed in detail. The results of the present investigation are compared with the thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS) which is chemically similar but does not crosslink.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1415-1423 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An advanced method for evaluating gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results is described. Based on a modified broad-molecular-weight standard calibration method the calibration curve for poly(p-methylstyrene) (PPMS) is constructed with several narrow-molecularweight polystyrene (PS) standards and 4 broad-molecular-weight PPMS samples (weight-average molecular weight M̄w = 14000 to 450000). The molecular weight range is covered from that of the monomer up to several hundredthousands. A computer code is developed to correct the elution curves for axial dispersion by a personal computer (PC) in relatively short calculation times.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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