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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (11)
  • American Physical Society  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 18 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Typical forecast-error measures such as mean squared error, mean absolute deviation and bias generally are accepted indicators of forecasting performance. However, the eventual cost impact of forecast errors on system performance and the degree to which cost consequences are explained by typical error measures have not been studied thoroughly. The present paper demonstrates that these typical error measures often are not good predictors of cost consequences in material requirements planning (MRP) settings. MRP systems rely directly on the master production schedule (MPS) to specify gross requirements. These MRP environments receive forecast errors indirectly when the errors create inaccuracies in the MPS.Our study results suggest that within MRP environments the predictive capabilities of forecast-error measures are contingent on the lot-sizing rule and the product components structure When forecast errors and MRP system costs are coanalyzed, bias emerges as having reasonable predictive ability. In further investigations of bias, loss functions are evaluated to explain the MRP cost consequences of forecast errors. Estimating the loss functions of forecast errors through regression analysis demonstrates the superiority of loss functions as measures over typical forecast error measures in the MPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Epicuticular wax synthesis by the primary leaf of Sorghum bicolor seedlings is inhibited when the germinating seeds are treated with 5 ppm metolachlor before germination. The composition of the free and esterified primary alcohols plus free and esterified fatty acids and aldehydes have been analysed. The predominant alcohol (75%) had 32 carbons while the 28- and 30-carbon homologues accounted for 78% of the fatty acids. Treatment of the germinating seeds with metolachlor strongly inhibited formation of the C28, C30 and C32 alcohols. Synthesis of C30 and C32 fatty acids was decreased while that of the C26 homologues was somewhat elevated. Simultaneous treatment of the germinating seed with metolachlor and the herbicide protectant CGA 43089 (α-[cyanomethoximino]-benzacetonitrile) resulted in normal wax synthesis. The results lead to the conclusion that the protectant prevents metolachlor from inhibiting synthesis of the dominating C28 to C30 chain-length constituents of the sorghum epicuticular wax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The grass weed herbicide metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide) which is especially effective against wild millets, inhibits the formation of epicuticular waxes on sorghum leaves. The metolachlor protectant CGA 43089 [α - (cyanomethoximino) - benzacetonitrile] prevents the depletion of the waxes on the leaves of metolachlor-treated sorghum plants, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. This alteration of the plant surface polymers also changes their permeability to the herbicide. 14C-metolachlor uptake into isolated coleoptiles and first leaves of sorghum which had been pretreated with the herbicide was increased. Incubation with added protectant reduced the uptake of 14C-metolachlor. It is postulated that the modifications caused by metolachlor and its protectant to sorghum surface structures influence the action of the herbicide in two ways:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1The selectivity observed against sorghum and millet grasses could occur because of an increased uptake of metolachlor through cuticles which are particularly sensitive to the structural changes caused by the herbicide, since the composition of the plant waxes is very species-specific.2The loss of cuticular integrity is prevented by the protectant CGA 43089, which greatly reduces penetration of metolachlor.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 29 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary. The influence of three crop safeners on the uptake and degradation of 14C-metolachlor was investigated in two corn varieties. Following application of herbicide and safener together to seedling shoots the concentrations of non-metabolized 14C-metolachlor in the tissues was found to be lower in the tolerant variety LG 9 than in the susceptible variety 211A. The difference between varieties was due to differences in both uptake and degradation of 14C-metolachlor.Following shoot application most of the radioactivity was retained in the coleoptile and the mesocotyl. Two hours after application 95% of the herbicide had been degraded in coleoptiles and mesocotyls, whereas approximately 20% of non-metabolized 14C-metolachlor was present in the enclosed developing shoot leaves. In both corn varieties the safener CGA 154281 caused a substantial lowering of tissue levels of parent 14C-metolachlor. This was primarily due to an enhanced degradation. Glutalhione-S-transfer-ase (GST) enzyme activity in shoot tissues was found to be enhanced in both varieties by CGA 154281. Oxabetrinil and fenclorim were less effective than CGA 154281 both in reducing tissue levels of non-metabolized 14C-metolachlor and in enhancing GST activity in either variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Canned, comminuted ham was manufactured with and without sodium nitrite to investigate the role of nitrite in developing and preserving cured meat flavor. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were measured throughout processing and the canned storage period, and compared with sensory triangle testing and preference evaluations of the canned products at intervals throughout 26 weeks storage. The development of oxidative rancidity as measured by TBA values was also evaluated on refrigerated products held aerobically. Results show decreased TBA values in product with nitrite. Statistically significant flavor differences were observed in products with and without nitrite; statistically significant preferences were observed only when product color was evident.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution and formation of hydroxycinnamoyl amides (HCA) in in vitro grown stem explants from day-neutral Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Xanthi no were investigated using [14C]-labelled precursors. Feruloylputrescine (FP) (labelled from [14C]-putrescine) was continually formed with a decreasing formation rate during a culture period of 35 days. The specific radioactivity, however, remained constant. In contrast, caffeoylputrescine (CP) was labelled in the second part of culture only. [UC]-Label from putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cinnamic acid was incorporated into FP and p-coumaroylspermidine. CP was labelled from [14C]-putreseine and [14C]-spermidine only, while diferuloylputrescine (diFP) failed to be labelled by any of the precursors used. Tissue investigations showed that FP is dominant in cortex during formation of cortical callus, while CP showed a sequential gradient from pith to cortical callus to floral buds. Experiments with photoperiodical Nicotiana species were used to investigate the pattern of HCAs in induced and non-induced plants. The origin of explants had no influence on the pattern of FP and CP but resulted in different growth responses. FP is a marker of cortical callus formation in all explants. CP does not trigger the growth processes observed in the expants since CP also increased in photoperiodically non-induced explants of tobacco, which stopped growing after the formation of cortical callus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 74 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Flower formation in stem explants was chosen as an experimental system for the study of the function of hydroxycinnamoyl amides (HCAs) in plants. The explants, derived from flowering and non-flowering Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Xanthi nc., differentiated to two types of callus and afterwards to flower buds. A novel reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method, following sample clean-up on CM-Fractogel columns, enabled us to examine HCA concentrations in small tissue samples. Two different groups of HCA could be distinguished during in vitro flower formation: Firstly, feruloyl- and diferuloyputrescine, the major detectable HCAs that accumulated during callus proliferation; secondly, caffeoylputrescine, which accumulated during the later stage of flower differentiation and reached higher concentrations than feruloylputrescine.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 416 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 404 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The limiting water activity (aw) for the growth of S. aureus A-100 sealed in cans at an oxygen concentration of 5.5% was 0.87 at 37°C and 0.91% at 20°C, values intermediate to those obtained previously for aerobic and anaerobic storage. Maximum populations attained at 37°C and 20°C were equal and once achieved population levels declined more slowly at 20°C than at 37°C. Enterotoxin A production was detected for population levels exceeding 106 CFU/g bacon and were 100 ng/g bacon at 37°C and 16 ng/g bacon at 20°C. It is suggested that while temperature and oxygen are important considerations, aw, being the main parameter in controlling microbial growth, should be measured directly rather than depending on indirect measurements such as the moisture-salt ratio.
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