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  • Springer Nature  (9)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (5)
  • Geological Society of America  (5)
  • American Chemical Society  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (18)
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of polyacetylene–iodine complexes (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 2523-2530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We confirm the existence of a 15 A(ring) period in iodine-doped polyacetylene and provide a new interpretation for this key feature as part of a general model for structural changes during iodine doping. The observed diffraction intensities for different samples suggest the existence of structures with two different types of dopant-containing layers: layers obtained by complete replacement of polyacetylene chains by iodine columns (F layers) and layers obtained by replacement of every other polyacetylene chain by an iodine column (P layers). The F layers in the heavily doped complex alternate with dopant-free layers of polyacetylene chains (U layers), corresponding to a (UF)n stacking sequence. The phase obtained at a lower dopant concentration, which provides the 15 A(ring) spacing, is attributed to a (UPUF)n stacking sequence. At still lower dopant concentrations, one obtains a (UP)n stacking sequence. This model, along with published Raman, Mössbauer, and photoelectron spectroscopy data, suggests that the ratio of I−5 to I−3 increases in going from P layers to F layers. Intense and monotonically decreasing, diffuse x-ray scattering suggests that vacancies of size ∼3 A(ring) are present, probably in iodine columns. A diffuse reflection at 3.1 A(ring), observed in all iodine-doped samples, is due to an average iodine–iodine distance in disordered columnar arrays. On the other hand, ordered arrays of iodine columns in oriented samples give rise to sharp meridional reflections. All ten observed reflections (down to 1.17 A(ring)) in one sample could be indexed based on a 33.8 A(ring) repeat corresponding to (–I−3–I−5–I−3–)n arrays. The observed diffraction pattern was calculated from this model without using any freely adjustable parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature growth of HgTe and HgCdTe using methylallyltelluride (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: HgTe and HgCdTe (MCT) layers have been grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy at low temperature by using methylallyltelluride (MATe), dimethylcadmium (DMCd), and elemental mercury. Use of MATe enabled the growth of layers in the 250–320 °C temperature range, which is 50 °C lower than the growth temperature when diisopropyltelluride is used as the tellurium alkyl, for the same growth rate. The layers were characterized by optical microscopy, double crystal x-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Growth at 320 °C resulted in featureless surfaces for both HgTe and HgCdTe layers. The high quality of HgTe layers grown at 320 °C is demonstrated by the very narrow full width at half maximum of x-ray diffraction (29 arcsec), which is comparable to that of the CdTeZn substrates used in this study. MCT layers grown at 320 °C showed sharp interference fringes even for very thin layers, indicating the presence of a very sharp interface with the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102124
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved bolometry system for reversed field pinch research (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 700-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A bolometry system for time and spatially resolved energy-loss measurements on the ZT-40M reversed-field pinch is described. This system allows ∼100-μs time resolution with a radiation detection limit of ∼100 mW/cm2 , in particularly noisy electromagnetic environments. The bolometer element fabrication using evaporative techniques and photolithography is discussed. Increased noise rejection is realized by using an oscillator/FM receiver electronics system based on 5-MHz ac excitation of the resistor. An improved oscillator is described. Because resistive sensing is done at 5 MHz, pulsed heating currents may simultaneously be passed through the bolometer resistor and this allows for absolute in situ system calibration. We describe a new method of such calibration that is independent of the resistor geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139813
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of plasma equilibrium shifts with fiber-optic sensing of image currents (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1500-1502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Plasma shifts generate opposite-polarity net shell image currents at diametrically opposed shell locations. In theory these image currents can be detected by Faraday rotation fiber-optic current sensors wound around the shell sections. In practice the validity of the measurement depends on the extent of suppression of the linear birefringence induced by the fiber coil bending and lateral pressure. Circular birefringence bias twist of 60 turns/m of 125-μm o.d. single-mode fiber is sufficient for 2-in. radii of curvature bends, in agreement with theory, while 100 turns/m of 80-μm o.d. fiber have not been successful with 1-in. radii of curvature, contrary to calculations. Different means for further suppression of linear birefringence are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140176
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillating field current drive experiments in a reversed field pinch (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 2285-2291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Steady-state current sustainment by oscillating field current drive (OFCD) utilizes a technique in which the toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields at the plasma surface are modulated at audio frequencies in quadrature. Experiments on the ZT-40M reversed field pinch [Fusion Technol. 8, 1571 (1985)] have examined OFCD over a range of modulation amplitude, frequency, and phase. For all cases examined, the magnitude of the plasma current is dependent on the phase of the modulations as predicted by theory. However, evidence of current drive has only been observed at relatively low levels of injected power. For larger modulation amplitudes, the data suggest that substantial current drive is offset by increased plasma resistance as a result of modulation enhanced plasma–wall interactions. The initial experimental results and supporting theoretical interpretations of OFCD are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866629
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibria of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and air in molecular sieve 5A (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 194-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pure-component equilibrium data for nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and multicomponent equilibrium data for air in 20 × 40 mesh 5A molecular sieve were measured at 297.15, 233.15, and 203.15 K and up to pressures of 4 bar. The multicomponent data were analyzed by a statistical thermodynamic model, ideal adsorbed solution theory, an extended Langmuir-Sips equation, and an extended Langmuir equation. The multicomponent system exhibited nonideal behavior at 233.15 and 203.15 K. Isotherm parameters determined in this work may be useful in the design and evaluation of molecular sieve air separation systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationships in rubber-toughened epoxies (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1466-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxies toughened with two reactive liquid rubbers, an epoxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) and an amino-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN), were prepared and studied in terms of their structure property relationships. A two-phase structure was formed, consisting of spherical rubber particles dispersed in an epoxy matrix. A broad distribution of rubber particles was observed in all the materials with most of the particles ranging in size from 1 to 4 μm, but some particles exceeding 20 μm were also found. Impact strength, plane strain fracture toughness (KIC), and fracture energy (GIC) were increased, while Young's modulus and yield strength decreased slightly with increasing rubber content and volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Both GIC and KIC were found to increase with increasing apparent molecular weight between crosslinks and decreasing yield strength. The increased size of the plastic zone at the crack tip associated with decreasing yield strength could be the cause of the increased toughness. An ATBN-toughened system containing the greatest amount of epoxy sub-inclusion in the rubbery phase demonstrated the best fracture toughness in this series. In the present systems, rubber-enhanced shear deformation of the matrix is considered to be the major toughening mechanism. Curing conditions and the miscibility between the liquid rubber and the epoxy resin determine the phase morphology of the resulting two-phase systems. Kerner's equation successfully describes the modulus dependence on volume fraction for the two-phase epoxy materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue crack propagation of rubber-toughened epoxiesThis paper is dedicated to the Memory of Dr. Jhon A. Manson, A Pioneer in the Field of Polymer Science and Engineering. (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1477-1487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxies containing epoxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) or amino-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN) were prepared and studied in terms of fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance and toughening mechanisms. Rubber incorporation improves both impact and FCP resistance, but results in slightly lower Young's modulus and Tg As Tg increases, the degree of toughening decreases. Rubber-induced shear yielding of the epoxy matrix is believed to be the dominant toughening mechanism. Decreasing fatigue resistance with increasing cyclic frequency is observed for both neat and rubber-toughened epoxies. This result may be explained by the inability of these materials to undergo possible beneficial effects of hysteretic heating. FCP resistance is linearly proportional to Mc1/2, where Mc is the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks determined on the rubber-toughened material. FCP resistance also increases with increasing static fracture toughness KIC. ATBN-toughened epoxies demonstrated better fatigue resistance than ETBN-toughened systems.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of fluorocarbon elastomers: Characterization of crosslinking system to obtain transparent, tough materials (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 478-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Viton® GLT is a new low-temperature fluoroelastomer with a Tg near -40°C. A study was made on methods of Crosslinking this material while retaining its transparency. Combinations of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, TMPTM, and triallyl isocyanurate, Diak® #7, were milled into Viton GLT. After molding, the materials were exposed to electron-irradiation, cross-linking the material. Transparent, tough materials were obtained for compositions containing about 3 percent TMPTM/3 percent Diak #7/3 Mrads, which had an extension of over 100 percent, a tensile strength of over 1000 PSI, excellent clarity, and low surface tack.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220805
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of transparent fluorocarbon elastomers: Effect of crosslinker type and electron beam irradiation level on physical and mechanical behavior (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 957-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Saturated fluorocarbon elastomers are very resistant to chemical reactions, including those of a crosslinking nature. In order to study proper methods of preparing these materials, Viton GLT was mixed with various levels of trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, TMPTM, and triallyl isocyanurate, Diak #7. After molding, the materials were subjected to electron beam irradiation. The glass transition, rubbery modulus, viscoelastic behavior, and equilibrium swelling were used to characterize the materials as a function of crosslinker and irradiation level. In general, the modulus and gel fraction increased with both crosslinker content and irradiation level. Mixtures of both crosslinking monomers produced an unexpected synergism, yielding higher tensile strength, and earlier onset of gelation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270315
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