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Congenital poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyls and their contaminants in Taiwan (1988)

W. J. Rogan ; B. C. Gladen ; K. L. Hung ; [weitere]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 241(4863): 334-6.

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Publikationsdatum: 1988-07-15

Beschreibung: In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls. Because these chemicals persist in human tissue, children born to female patients after the outbreak were exposed in utero. In 1985, 117 children born to affected women and 108 unexposed controls were examined and evaluated. The exposed children were shorter and lighter than controls; they had abnormalities of gingiva, skin, nails, teeth, and lungs more frequently than did controls. The exposed children showed delay of developmental milestones, deficits on formal developmental testing, and abnormalities on behavioral assessment. These findings are most consistent with a generalized disorder of ectodermal tissue. This syndrome is one of very few documented to result from transplacental exposure to pollutant chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogan, W J -- Gladen, B C -- Hung, K L -- Koong, S L -- Shih, L Y -- Taylor, J S -- Wu, Y C -- Yang, D -- Ragan, N B -- Hsu, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3133768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Schlagwort(e): Conjunctivitis/chemically induced/congenital ; Female ; Growth Disorders/chemically induced ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Nails, Malformed ; Oils/*adverse effects ; Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced/congenital ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*poisoning ; Pregnancy ; Taiwan

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Digitale Medien

The effect of light on the endogenous levels of cytokinins and gibberellins in seeds of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carriere) (1979)

TAYLOR, J. S. ; WAREING, P. F.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 2 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract Maximum germination of Sitka spruce seed was obtained at 22°C under continuous fluorescent light or following a single 10 min exposure to red light (RL) given after 48 h of dark imbibition. The levels of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins were examined in seeds which were exposed to different light regimes. Cytokinin levels in Sitka spruce seeds increased approximately 1.7–fold during exposure to continuous white light, during dark stratification, or within 1 h or a 30 min exposure to RL. A single peak of activity could be eluted from the LH−20 Sephadex column which appeared in the same volume as authentic zeatin riboside. Gibber-ellin activity in Sitka spruce seeds increased rapidly during exposure to 30 min of RL and then declined during subsequent dark incubation. Similarly, under continuous white light, gibberellin activity was at least twice as high as in the dark. Two gibberellm-like substances were found in Sitka spruce seeds which appeared to be similar to GA7 and GA9 on the basis of their chromato-graphic properties. The zone of gibberellin activity directly associated with photo-excitation of Sitka spruce seeds contains conjugate gibberellins, possibly glucosyl esters, which when hydrolysed with β-glucosidase form two products which are similar to the free gibberellins which were detected. The light response in Sitka spruce seed is compared to a similar response in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1979.tb00790.x

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Digitale Medien

The effect of stratification on the endogenous levels of gibberellins and cytokinins in seeds of douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) (1979)

TAYLOR, J. S. ; WAREING, P. F.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 2 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract Seeds of Douglas-fir and sugar pine which had been exposed to various periods of moist chilling (stratification) were extracted and bioassayed for gibberellin and cytokinin activity. In Douglas-fir a peak of gibberellin activity increased progressively during stratification and was seven times higher after 7 weeks, but declined subsequently. No change in the level of cytokinin activity was observed during stratification. However, a slight increase (1.7-fold) occurred in stratified seeds placed at 22°C for 3 days.In sugar pine a high level of gibberellin activity, approximately 20-fold higher than in unstratified controls, was present in extracts of seeds which had been stratified for 8 weeks. After 10 weeks of stratification cytokinin levels had increased approximately 200-fold. Four cytokinin-like substances were detected in seeds. Three of the substances are similar in their chromatographic properties to zeatin glucoside, zeatin riboside and zeatin, respectively. Both gibberellin and cytokinin activity declined rapidly after reaching maximum levels.In seeds with the coats removed, germination was rapid and complete in the absence of stratification. Prior to radicle emergence in coatless seeds cytokinin activity increased to a maximum (approximately a 1-7-fold increase) within 24 h. Significant levels of gibberellin-like substances were present after 8 h. Gibberellin activity could not be detected in coatless seeds which were imbibed in AMO-1618, and germination was inhibited significantly.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1979.tb00789.x

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Digitale Medien

The role of plant hormones and carbohydrates in the growth and survival of coppiced Eucalyptus seedlings (1982)

Taylor, J. S. ; Blake, T. J. ; Pharis, R. P.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 55 (1982), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Depending on the species, coppicing (decapitation) may promote vigorous growth (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn), or cause rapid senescence and death (Eucalyptus obliqua L'Herit). In seedlings of the latter species, the presence of a small upwardly directed shoot on the decapitated stump prevents or delays decline. Coppiced seedlings of E. camaldulensis and E. obliqua, with and without a remaining shoot, were analyzed for starch and soluble sugars (with the anthrone method), gibberellin-like substances (GAs) and cytokinin-like substances (by bioassay), and ethylene (by gas-liquid chromatography) before and after decapitation.Levels of soluble sugars declined similarly in both varieties of eucalypts, and starch reserves appeared adequate for sprouting, and did not diminish following decapitation of the susceptible species.Decapitation did not markedly alter the relatively high amounts of GAs in roots and shoots of E. obliqua, the susceptible species, although increased levels of Gas were observed in the stumps of seedlings left with 1 shoot after decapitation. The overall levels of GaS were relatively low in the roots and stems of the resistant E. camaldulensis, but higher in the shoots. Marked qualitative changes in GAs with decapitation were apparent in the shoots of E. camaldulensis. A single major GA peak occurred prior to decapitation but afer decapitation several additional peaks of GA-like activity appeared.Cytokinin-like activity was initially low in all tissues, but increased dramatically in stump and shoot tissue following decapitation. Increases ranged from approximately 5-fold (stump tissue of either species, minus-shoot treatment) to approximately 40-fold (shoot tissue of the resistant E. camaldulensis seedlings left with 1 shoot). In both E. camaldulensis and E. obliqua ethylene production increased to a peak 7 days after decapitation provided a shoot had been retained. This ethylene peak precedes a marked upturning of the retained shoot, and was not present in the stumps of totally decapitated seedlings. For totally decapitated seedlings ethylene evolution in E. obliqua (the susceptible species), but not E. camaldulensis (the resistant species), had ceased by 15 days.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb04522.x

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Digitale Medien

Changes in endogenous hormones in apple during bud burst induced by defoliation (1984)

Taylor, J. S. ; Pharis, R. P. ; Loveys, B. ; [weitere]

Springer

Plant growth regulation 2 (1984), S. 117-134

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ISSN: 1573-5087

Schlagwort(e): Abscisic acid ; apple ; bud burst ; cytokinins ; defoliation ; gibberellins ; tropical horticulture

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Under the tropical conditions of East Java, terminal buds of apple burst at any time of the year in response to removal of the subtending leaves. Following two such defoliations, two weeks apart on separate trees, there was a decrease in abscisic acid (ABA), a three-fold increase in gibberellin-like substances (GAs) and only a slight increase in cytokinin-like substances (CKs) in the apex tissue of closed buds. These changes preceded bud opening and the associated increases in fresh and dry weight, and may be causally related to bud burst. In open buds (i.e. young expanding leaves) the concentration of CKs was greater, and the concentrations of ABA and GAs less, than the concentrations in closed buds. As the leaves expanded, ABA increased and GAs and CKs decreased in concentration. The decrease in concentration of GAs and CKs, however, was due to the rise in dry weight of the expanding tissue; the amounts of all three hormones (per apex) increased. During bud burst there was a concurrent decrease in the CKs of subtending stems, suggesting a transfer into the expanding bud tissues. Removal of the old leaves by defoliation may remove the source of ABA and allow the amount of GAs in the apex to rise, bud burst following. Stem CKs may be utilized in the expansion of the new leaves in the bursting buds.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024860

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Digitale Medien

The effect of drought on levels of abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins and ethylene in aeroponically-grown sunflower plants (1986)

Hubick, K. T. ; Taylor, J. S. ; Reid, D. M.

Springer

Plant growth regulation 4 (1986), S. 139-151

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ISSN: 1573-5087

Schlagwort(e): Abscisic acid ; cytokinins ; drought ; ethylene ; gibberellins ; sunflower ; water stress ; aeroponics ; roots ; shoots

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins and gibberellin-like substances (GAs) were extracted from the roots and shoots of 17-day-old sunflower seedlings which had been droughted or were unstressed. Plants were grown in an aeroponic chamber which allowed for good control over degree of water stress and easy access to roots. Following methanolic extraction of lyophilized material, cytokinins were separated from the acidic growth-regulators on a cellulose PO4 cationic exchange column. The cytokinins were analysed by paper chromatography and HPLC and the soybean hypocotyl section assay. Semipurified acidic regulators were chromatographed on SiO2 columns and HPLC and aliquots assayed with the dwarf rice cv. Tan-ginbozu bioassay for GAs. Fractions known to contain ABA were purified by sequential reverse-phase HPLC of the acid and then of the methyl ester forms followed by quantitation as Me-ABA on GLC-EC. ABA losses were measured by using an internal standard [3H]-ABA). Ethylene production was also monitored in stressed and unstressed seedlings. The effect of drought on GAs and ethylene was minimal. The ABA levels were markedly higher in droughted plants. Stressed roots had 32 times more ABA than controls. The levels of cytokinins in the shoots of droughted plants were about half those in unstressed shoots, and qualitative differences occurred in the roots. Under stress a large peak of activity was present similar to zeatin glucoside which was not present in the unstressed condition. The results are discussed in relation to drought-effects on metabolism.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025195

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