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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (15)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (11)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1
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    A comparison between Lageos laser ranging and very long baseline interferometry determined baseline lengths (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP) has the objective to improve the understanding of geodynamics by measuring crustal deformation, tectonic motion, and polar motion and earth rotation. Three different approaches are utilized for obtaining these measurements. One is based on satellite laser ranging (SLR), while another makes use of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) which uses reception of radio signals from quasars. The third approach involves laser ranging to the moon. An important part of the CDP is to compare baselines periodically or the straight-line distance between two points on the earth's surface as determined by either SLR or VLBI. Attention is given to the SLR analysis, the VLBI analysis, a local survey, and error sources. A table is presented with the baselines between SLR survey markers as measured by VLBI and SLR.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 9265-927
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Crustal dynamics project data analysis, 1986. Volume 1: Fixed station VLBI geodetic results (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Goddard VLBI group reports the results of analyzing 361 Mark III VLBI data sets from fixed observatories through the end of 1985 which are available to the Crustal Dynamics Project. All POLARIS/IRIS full-day data sets are included. The mobile VLBI sites at Platteville, Colorado; Penticton, British Columbia; and Yellowknife, Northwest Territories are also included since these occupations bear on the study of plate stability. Two large solutions, GLB027 and GLB028, were used to obtain site/baseline evolutions and earth rotation parameters, respectively. Source positions and nutation offsets were also adjusted in each solution. The results include 23 sites and 101 baselines.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-87806 , REPT-87B0118 , NAS 1.15:87806
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  • 3
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    Possible dust devils - Vortices on Mars (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper presents the results of a study of local vortices, and dust devils, on Mars as observed by Viking Landers 1 and 2. It is found that these vortices are most common during Martian spring and summer, as occurs on earth. Seven of the vortices involve wind speeds that may raise dust from the Martian surface. There is no indication that these possible dust devils contribute to the planet-wide spread of major dust storms. However, it appears that they may help in maintaining the atmospheric dust content. The data indicate that there is no preference in rotation direction, at least to core diameters of 300 m (corresponding to a region of influence of about 3 km diameter).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 11005-11
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  • 4
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    Two major dust storms, one Mars year apart - Comparison from Viking data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Viking Mars Landers have been on the Mars surface for over two Mars years. During the first year two major, probably global, dust storms occurred. The first was unusually early compared to most previous earth-based observations. A major storm occurred during the second year, almost precisely one year after the first storm of the first year. Meteorological data show roughly similar atmospheric behavior for the two early storms. Of particular note is the increase in amplitude of pressure oscillations (probably of baroclinic origin) and concurrent increases in wind speed during the build-up phase of all three storms. The generation of these waves appears to be a natural consequence of seasonal effects not associated with the dust storms. It is suggested that baroclinic waves, should they exist in the Southern Hemisphere during the time of dust storm generation, could be an important factor in the growth and development of the dust storms.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Apr. 20
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  • 5
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    Geodesy by radio interferometry - Intercontinental distance determinations with subdecimeter precision (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Analysis of very-long-baseline interferometer (VLBI) observations yielded estimates of the distances between three radio telescopes in the United States and one in Sweden, with formal standard errors of a few centimeters: Westford, Massachusetts-Onsala, Sweden: 5,599,714.66 + or - 0.03 m; Green Bank, West Virginia-Onsala, Sweden: 6,319,317.75 + or - 0.03 m; and Owens Valley, California-Onsala, Sweden: 7,914,131.19 + or - 0.04 m, where the earth-fixed reference points are defined in each case with respect to the axes of the telescopes. The actual standard errors are difficult to estimate reliably but are probably not greater than twice the formal errors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Mar. 10
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  • 6
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    H2O frost point detection on Mars (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Viking Mars landers contain meteorological instrumentation to measure wind, temperature, and pressure but not atmospheric water content. The landings occurred during local summer, and it was observed that the nocturnal temperature decrease at sensor height (1.6 m) did not exhibit a uniform behavior at either site. It was expected that the rate of decrease would gradually slow, leveling off near sunrise. Instead, a leveling occurred several hours earlier. Temperature subsequently began a more rapid decrease which slowed by sunrise. This suggested that the temperature sensors may be detecting the frost point of water vapor. Analysis of alternative hypotheses demonstrates that none of these are viable candidates. The frost point interpretation is consistent with other lander and orbiter observations, with terrestrial experience, and with modeling of Mars' atmospheric behavior. It thus appears that the meteorology experiment can help provide a basis toward understanding the distribution and dynamics of Martian water vapor.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Jan. 20
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  • 7
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    Local Mars dust storm generation mechanism (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: On an areocentric solar longitude of 340 deg, first Mars year of Viking on the surface, a local dust storm was observed at the Viking Lander No. 1 site by Viking Orbiter A. The storm lasted less than one Martian day (sol) with the dust raised affecting the site for about three sols. It is concluded that this storm was caused by baroclinic waves and that the threshold wind speed for saltation was 25-30 m/sec.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Aug. 198
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  • 8
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    Mars atmosphere pressure periodicities from Viking observations (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The first Martian year of pressure data taken by the Viking landers on Mars is subjected to power spectrum analysis. The analysis suggests that strong periodicities are present in the Martian atmosphere, especially at the high-latitude (48 deg N) site of the second lander. Most of these periodicities are probably due to the passage of baroclinic waves. Inspection of individual segments of data shows that the periodicities of the dominant waves vary significantly with time of year. This may be related to the amount of dust in the atmosphere since the dominant frequencies of the waves during times of major dust storms are quite different than at other times.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 37; Sept
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  • 9
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    Crustal dynamics project data analysis fixed station VLBI geodetic results (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Goddard VLBI group reports the results of analyzing the fixed observatory VLBI data available to the Crustal Dynamics Project through the end of 1984. All POLARIS/IRIS full-day data are included. The mobile site at Platteville, Colorado is also included since its occupation bears on the study of plate stability. Data from 1980 through 1984 were used to obtain the catalog of site and radio source positions labeled S284C. Using this catalog two types of one-day solutions were made: (1) to estimate site and baseline motions; and (2) to estimate Earth rotation parameters. A priori Earth rotation parameters were interpolated to the epoch of each observation from BIH Circular D.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-86229 , REPT-85B0522 , NAS 1.15:86229
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Mars atmospheric circulation - Aspects from Viking Landers (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Winds measured by the two Viking Landers have been filtered and then compared with predictions from the general circulation model and to Orbiter observations of clouds and surface phenomena that indicate wind direction. This was done to determine the degree to which filtered winds may represent aspects of the general circulation. Excellent agreement was found between wind direction data from Lander 1 and the model predictions and Orbiter observations. For Lander 2, agreement was generally good, but there were periods of disagreement which indicate that the filtering did not remove other extraneous effects. It is concluded that Lander 1 gives a good representation of the general circulation at 22.5 deg N latitude but that Lander 2 is suspect. Most wind data from Lander 1 have yet to be analyzed. It appears that when analyzed these Lander 1 data (covering 3.5 Mars years) can provide information about interannual variations in the general circulation at the Lander latitude.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 6319-632
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