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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The psbA-gene from a red alga resembles those from Cyanobacteria and Cyanelles (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Red algae ; psbA gene ; Plastid evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plastid DNA (ptDNA) from the unicellular red alga Cyanidium caldarium was isolated. A 5.8 kb Eco RI, fragment containing the entire psbA-gene was cloned and the nucleotide sequence of the psbA-gene determined. At the carboxyl terminus the encoded protein (D1) contains the seven amino acid-insertion which was found to be typical of the cyanobacteria and the cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa. However, the overall sequence homology does not support a direct relationship between the plastids of Cyanidium, cyanelles and the cyanobacteria. As in other photosynthetic organisms the psbA-gene is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA. The ribosomal RNA operon was located 4 kb upstream of the psbA-gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the rubisco operon from the multicellular red alga Antithamnion spec. (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Red algae ; Plastid evolution ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; Plastid DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the multicellular red alga Antithamnion spec. both rubisco genes (rbcL and rbcS) are encoded on the plastid DNA (ptDNA). Both genes are separated by a short A/T-rich spacer of 100 bp and are cotranscribed into an mRNA of approximately 2.7 kb. These findings are in extensive agreement with those obtained from two unicellular red algae (Porphyridium aerugineum and Cyanidium caldarium). The large subunit (LSU) of rubisco shows an amino acid homology of 82–87% with the LSUs from the two unicellular red algae and only about 55% to LSUs from green algae, higher plants and two cyanobacteria. The small subunit (SSU) of rubisco is more similar to those from the unicellular red algae and two algae which are members of the Chromophyta (about 60% homology) than to cyanobacterial and higher plant proteins (27–36% homology). These data indicate that rhodoplasts originated independently from the chloroplast line. The plastids of chromophytes and rhodophytes appear to be closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309918
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural similarities between psbA genes from red and brown algae (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 20 (1991), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Rhodophyta ; Chromophyta ; psbA gene ; Plastid evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The single copy psbA genes from the multicellular red alga Antithamnion spec. and the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus have been cloned and sequenced and monocistronic transcripts have been detected. Both genes contain an insertion of 21 bp at the 3′ end which was also found in cyanobacteria and which is absent in chloroplasts and the chlorophyll b-containing prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis of a polyphyletic origin of plastids. Plastids of red and brown algae appear to be closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312783
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubisco genes indicate a close phylogenetic relation between the plastids of Chromophyta and Rhodophyta (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Chromophyta ; endosymbiosis ; plastid DNA ; plastid evolution ; red algae ; ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genes for both subunits of Rubisco (rbcL, rbcS) are located on the plastome of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus (Chromophyta, Phaeophyceae). The organization of these genes in the form of an operon was similar to that found in rhodoplasts, cyanobacteria and the plastids of Cryptomonas Φ. Sequence analysis of the complete operon revealed a high degree of homology and great structural similarities to corresponding genes from two red algae. In contrast, sequence homology to Rubisco genes from chloroplasts and cyanobacteria was much lower. This clearly indicated a close phylogenetic relationship between the plastids of Rhodophyta and Chromophyta which seem to have evolved independently from the chloroplasts (polyphyletic origin). Our data suggest that the plastids of Chromophyta and Cryptophyta have originated from endosymbiotic unicellular red algae. Surprisingly, red and brown algal Rubiscos show a significantly higher degree of homology to that from a hydrogen bacterium than to those from cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017832
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamate synthase is plastid-encoded in a red alga: implications for the evolution of glutamate synthases (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: glutamate synthase ; GOGAT ; red alga ; plastid evolution ; ammonium fixation ; photosystem T ; psaC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An actively transcribed gene (glsF) encoding for ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT) was found on the plastid genome of the multicellular red alga Antithamnion sp. Fd-GOGAT is not plastid-encoded in chlorophytic plants, demonstrating that red algal plastid genomes encode for additional functions when compared to those known from green chloroplasts. Moreover, our results suggest that the plant Fd-GOGAT has an endosymbiotic origin. The same may not be true for NADPH-dependent GOGAT. In Antithamnion glsF is flanked upstream by cpcBA and downstream by psaC and is transcribed monocistronically. Implications of these results for the evolution of GOGAT enzymes and the plastid genome are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021421
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and expression of a phycobiliprotein gene cluster from the unicellular red alga Cyanidium caldarium (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: phycobiliprotein ; linker protein ; rhodophyta ; plastid gene regulation ; plastid evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have sequenced a plastid gene cluster from the unicellular red alga Cyanidium caldarium which is located downstream from the psbA gene and contains, in the following order, genes for a β-allophycocyanin-like protein (apcB′), a putative 9.5 kDa allophycocyanin linker protein (apcL 9.5) and a putative 29 kDa phycocyanin linker protein (cpcL 29). The apcB′ and apcL 9.5 genes are organized in the form of an operon. The cpcL 29 gene is transcribed monocistronically from the opposite strand of DNA. Both transcription units are probably terminated at a 25 bp inverted repeat 3 and 5 bp downstream of the stop codons of the apcL 9.5 and cpcL 29 genes, respectively. The levels of both transcripts are greatly reduced in the dark as is the psbA transcript. Downstream from the phycobiliprotein gene cluster two open reading frames (ORFs) were found which are homologous to ORFs from plastid DNAs and cyanelle DNA of Cyanophora paradoxa. Sequence homologies between genes analysed in this study and corresponding genes from cyanobacteria, chlorophytic plastids and cyanelles point to a large phylogenetic distance between the plastids of Cyanidium and cyanobacteria and other plastid types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014494
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and sequence of photosynthetic genes from the plastid genome of the holoparasitic flowering plant Cuscuta reflexa (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 232 (1992), S. 154-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Cuscuta ; Holoparasitic plants ; Plastid evolution ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have cloned and sequenced an area of about 6 kb of the plastid DNA (ptDNA) from the holoparasitic plant Cuscuta refexa. This region contains (in the following order) genes for the cytochrome b6/f-complex subunit V (petG), tRNAVal (trnV), tRNAMet (trnM), the ε and β-subunit of the chloroplast ATP-synthase (atpE and atpB) and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; rbcL). In addition we identified other photosynthesis-related genes (atpA, petB, psaA, psbA, psbB, psbC, and psbD) in C. refexa by heterologous hybridization. The gene arrangement of the sequenced area is, except for the petG gene, the same as in ptDNAs of other higher plants (e.g. Nicotiana tabacum). Sequence homologies between the Cuscuta genes and corresponding genes from higher plants are in the range of 90%. The only significant difference is that the rbcL gene of C. refexa encodes a polypeptide which is 18–23 amino acids longer than in other higher plants. This is remarkable since C. refexa has lost its ability to grow photoautotrophically. The transcript level of the rbcL gene, however, is strongly reduced as compared to tobacco. These findings are compatible with results from Western blotting analysis, where no Rubisco large subunit was detectable, and with the lack of Rubisco activity in crude extracts of C. ref lexa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299148
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SecA is plastid-encoded in a red alga: implications for the evolution of plastid genomes and the thylakoid protein import apparatus (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 236 (1993), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Chromophyta ; Plastid genome evolution ; Protein translocation ; Rhodophyta ; SecA, secY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Partial sequence analysis of the plastid DNA (ptDNA) from a red alga, Antithamnion sp., revealed the presence of a homologue to the Escherichia coli SecA gene as well as two open reading frames (ORF 510, ORF 179). In addition a sec Y homologue has been detected on the plastid genome by heterologous hybridization. None of these genes has been found in completely sequenced chlorophytic plastid genomes. SecA and secY gene copies were also detected in the ptDNA of a chromophytic alga, indicating that secAY may be ubiquitous in rhodophytes and chromophytes. The significance of these findings for the evolution of plastid genomes and the thylakoid protein import mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the Rubisco operon from the unicellular red algaCyanidium caldarium: Evidence for a polyphyletic origin of the plastids (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 222 (1990), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Endosymbiosis ; Plastid evolution ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Rhodophyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genes for both subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) were located on the plastid DNA (ptDNA) of the unicellular red algaCyanidium caldarium. Both genes are organized together in an operon. The sequence homology of both genes to the corresponding genes from the unicellular red algaPorphyridium aerugineum is remarkably high, whereas homology to Rubisco genes from chloroplasts and two recent cyanobacteria is significantly lower. These data provide strong evidence for a polyphyletic origin of chloroplasts and rhodoplasts. In addition the genes for the small subunit of Rubisco (rbcS) from red algae show about 60% homology torbcS genes from cryptophytes and chromophytes. Thus, homologies in therbcS gene indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between rhodoplasts and the plastids of Chromophyta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00633849
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  • 10
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    Structure of the rubisco operon from the multicellular red alga Antithamnion spec. (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0172-8083
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0983
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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