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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage formation and substitutionality in 75As++-implanted diamond (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2986-2990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been used to study damage formation and substitutionality in synthetic diamonds implanted with 250-keV 75As++ at either 600 °C or room temperature. Lattice damage following implantation at 600 °C was substantially less than damage following room-temperature implantation and appears to be composed of a higher fraction of extended defects. A significant portion of the As implanted at 600 °C was found to be in substitutional lattice sites with substitutional fractions as high as 50%. Changing the ion flux by three orders of magnitude during high-temperature implantation had no effect on either residual damage or substitutionality as indicated by the RBS analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349326
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage and deuterium trapping in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2225-2233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work the buildup of damage due to deuterium implantation in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is investigated. HOPG was implanted with 10–30 keV D3+ at different target temperatures between room temperature and 773 K with fluences from 1014 to 1018 D/cm2. Subsequently, the damage due to the implantation and the retained deuterium were measured by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) in a channeling direction (RBSc) and by the D(3He, p)α nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), respectively. The damage of selected samples was additionally observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The initial trapping efficiency is unity in the whole temperature and energy range. The maximum retention of the deuterium, however, depends on the temperature and implantation energy. The damage in HOPG measured with RBSc starts to saturate at 5×1015 D/cm2 (295 K) and 1.3×1017 D/cm2 (773 K). Both fluences are well below the fluence at which amorphization is observed in TEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the nonlinear behavior of a partially ionized, turbulent plasma in a magnetic field (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 488-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, a number of the methods of nonlinear dynamics are applied to the study of electrostatic turbulence in a magnetized, steady-state, partially ionized plasma. Electrostatic potential fluctuations were obtained by using a capacitative probe. These signals were captured, digitized, and recorded with a LeCroy transient recorder system interfaced to an IBM-AT personal computer. A commercially available software program was used to calculate power spectra, to reconstruct and plot phase portraits, take Poincaré sections, compute correlation dimensions and Lyapunov exponents, and to perform other manipulations of the time series of electrostatic potential fluctuations obtained from the plasma. Evidence of low-dimensional chaos was sought, and trends were investigated which related the state of the turbulence to such plasma parameters as the anode voltage (rms electrostatic potential), background gas pressure (collisionality), and magnetic induction. These variables were found to have a significant effect on the nonlinear dynamics of the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346818
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of solid phase epitaxy in thick amorphous Si layers formed by MeV ion implantation (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1340-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of solid phase epitaxy (SPE) have been measured in MeV ion-implanted amorphous Si layers up to 5 μm thick. Epitaxial crystallization in these layers occurs at a constant rate throughout the entire film, without loss of interface planarity or competition from random nucleation or twin formation. The activation energy for SPE in thick layers is found to be 2.70 eV, in excellent agreement with the value determined previously in much thinner films. The SPE kinetics are shown not to depend on the implant dose for doses up to 1000 times the threshold for amorphization. The presence of water vapor in the annealing ambient during SPE results in the indiffusion of hydrogen and a concomitant reduction of the SPE growth rate at distances as great as 2 μm from the surface. This effect may have important implications for the development of a microscopic model of the SPE process in silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103477
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct molecular-beam epitaxial growth of ZnTe(100) and CdZnTe(100)/ZnTe(100) on Si(100) substrates (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 818-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial structures of ZnTe(100) and CdZnTe(100)/ZnTe(100) have been deposited by molecular-beam epitaxy onto Si(100) substrates misoriented from 0° to 8° towards the [011] direction. The films were characterized with x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and stylus profilometry. Single-crystal CdZnTe(100) films comparable in structural quality to those obtained with growth on GaAs/Si composite substrates have been demonstrated on both 4° and 8° misoriented Si with the use of ZnTe buffer layers. X-ray rocking curves with FWHM less than 300 arcsec for ZnTe (400) and less than 160 arcsec for CdZnTe(400) have been obtained for as-grown films. Specular surface morphologies, superior to those obtained on GaAs/Si composite substrates, are also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of atomic hydrogen with the graphite single-crystal surface (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.60.−i ; 82.65.−i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the chemisorption of atomic hydrogen on the basal plane of natural graphite single crystals. LEED and angle-resolved photoemission were used to characterize the clean surface. The adsorption of H saturates at rather low exposures, accompanied by a decrease of the work function by Δφ=(100±20) meV. The photoemission spectra indicate a clear carbon-hydrogen interaction, leading to shifts of substrate bands by up to about 200 meV. No detectable etching of the surface occurs at room temperature, in agreement with earlier work. Our results are qualitatively consistent with theoretical considerations about a strong H(1s)-C(2p z) chemical bond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348338
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid effects of insulin on cyclic GMP location in an intact protozoan (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 476-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; cyclic GMP ; immunocytology ; Tetrahymena pyriformis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied rapid changes in location of cyclic GMP inTetrahymena pyriformis. Insulin caused cGMP localization in cilia and near the plasma membrane (0.5–1 min). Later (1–5 min) cGMP localization was diffuse in cytoplasm with perinuclear accentuation. Inactive insulin analogs did not elicit these changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928167
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in body temperature and circulating levels of interleukin-6 after intra-arterial injections or infusions of tumor necrosis factor α in guinea pigs (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 815-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cytokines ; tumor necrosis factor α ; interleukin-6 ; body temperature ; fever ; radiotelemetry ; guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) is released systematically during the early phase of endotoxin induced fever. To study the effects of this cytokine in guinea pigs, 2 μg TNF were intra-arterially injected as a bolus or slowly infused within 60 min. Both modes of administration induced a biphasic elevation of the animals' abdominal temperature lasting 6 h and stimulated the release of endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like activity. The second phase of the thermal response and the release of endogenous IL-6-like activity were significantly higher, when TNF was slowly infused into the animals' circulation, in spite of a transiently higher TNF-like activity after the bolus injection of TNF. Both TNF and IL-6 may therefore be regarded as candidates to trigger the febrile response in guinea pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956462
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting of Lowicryl K4M thin sections (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1990), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is presented for increasing the contrast of cellular structures on ultrathin sections from tissues embedded in Lowicryl K4M. The method, designated UA/MC adsorption staining, is based on the uranyl acetate/methyl cellulose staining of thawed cryosections. Ultrathin Lowicryl K4M sections were exposed to a uranyl acetate/methyl cellulose solution and the excess solution was removed with filter paper, leaving the remainder to air dry on the section. Sections on the grids were then directly observed in the electron microscope. Parameters such as methyl cellulose and uranyl acetate concentrations, duration of staining, temperature and pH were all assessed for their effect on subsequent contrast formation. Conditions were achieved which yielded intense contrast of cellular membranes, basement membranes and extracellular matrix components usually not apparent in Lowicryl K4M thin sections routinely counter-stained with uranyl acetate and lead acetate. The enhancement of the contrast of these structures does not obscure colloidal gold particles used for immunocytochemistry or lectin labeling, thus making the UA/MC adsorption staining method useful for increasing membrane contrast in routine post-embedding immuno- and lectin cytochemistry on Lowicryl K4M thin sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266584
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of 35S- and digoxigenin-labeled RNA and oligonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sensitivity of radiolabeled and digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes and synthetic oligonucleotide probes for the detection of seminal vesicle secretion protein II (SVS II) and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was compared by in situ hybridization in paraformaldehyde-fixed cryostat sections of the rat prostate. Both genes are expressed in different amounts in the various prostatic lobes and contiguous glands. SVS II or AR RNA probes were either labeled with digoxigenin-11-UTP or [35S]UTP by in vitro transcription. A synthetic SVS II oligonucleotide probe was 3′ end-labeled (tailed) with either digoxigenin-11-dUTP or [35S]dATP. Hybridized 35S-labeled probes were detected by autoradiography and digoxigenin-labeled probes by immunohistochemistry using alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody or gold-labeled antibody followed by protein A-gold and silver enhancement. Digoxigenin-labeled probes provided the same degree of sensitivity as their 35S-labeled counterparts for the detection by in situ hybridization of weakly and strongly expressed mRNA. Using both labeling methods, the SVS II RNA probes were more sensitive than the oligonucleotide probes and background labelling of the 35S-labeled oligonucleotide probe was high. The digoxigenin method produced less background with all probe types, hybridization signals showed higher resolution and results were obtained faster than with radiolabeled probes. The immunogold silver enhancement system provided the fastest detection of digoxigenin-labeled probes with a sensitivity and resolution similar to that provided by alkaline phosphatase anti-digoxigenin immunohistochemistry. It is concluded that digoxigenin probe labeling and detection provides a sensitive, reliable, and efficient alternative to radiolabeled probes for in situ hybridization of mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271035
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