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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— 21/4CrlMo steel and 11/4Cr1/2Mo steel have been widely been used for hydro-processing units such as hydro-desulphurising and hydro-cracking reactors. These reactor pressure vessel steels have a potential for temper embrittlement that leads to toughness degradation and a reduction of the critical flaw size for brittle fracture. These steels are also susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, especially in aged steels where cracks may propagate in the base metal up to the critical flaw size. A vessel with adequate toughness when originally constructed may therefore embrittle during service and such changes may require pressure restrictions during start-up and shut-down.A survey of the literature shows composition to be the controlling parameter for both temper embrittlement (TE) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE), in-particular the presence of residual impurity elements such as P and the presence of elements such as Mo which nullify the effect of impurity segregation.Much information is available to describe embrittlement phenomena for Cr-Mo steels. This paper reviews the mechanisms of TE and HE and describes a microstructural characterisation route which subsequently allows the structural integrity of potentially embrittled vessels to be examined for the purposes of remaining life assessment and plant life extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) fragments have been synthesized and their biological activities compared with the parent peptide. The substructural units, 5-14 linear and 5-14 cyclic, have been used as models for MCH -  in 1H-nmr conformational studies. Conformational features predicted by molecular dynamics analyses find support in the nmr experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to search for the accessible conformations of the melanin-concentrationg hormone (MCH). The studies have been performed on native MCH and two of its peptide fragments, a cyclic MCH(5-14) fragment and a linear MCH(5-14) fragment. An analysis of the molecular dynamics trajectories of the three peptides indicates that two regions of the peptide have characteristic conformational properties that may be important for the biological activity. One is a region around Gly8, which is conformationally mobile, and the other is around Pro13, which shows unusual rigidity. The molecular dynamics simulation results are discussed in terms of backbone structural features like β turns, side-chain interactions, and orientations of the disulfide bridge. The results of this analysis are used to suggest new analogues that will modify the conformational features of the peptide and further define the conformational requirements for activity. Finally, the results are related to nmr studies of the peptide and reveal agreements between the experimental nuclear Overhauser effect constraints and some of the accessible conformations obtained from the simulation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 30 (1992), S. 600-604 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Contractile properties ; Fibre types ; Human triceps surae ; Muscle contraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the study was to compare the contractile properties determined from an electrically stimulated twitch with histochemically determined fibre type parameters of the human triceps surae. Muscle samples were obtained from the medial head of the gastrocnemius of ten male athletes. Ages ranged from 20 to 29 years. Muscle samples from the belly of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were obtained using the needle biopsy technique. The samples were treated histochemically for myosin ATPase to classify the fibres as either slow twitch (ST) or fast twitch (FT) and to determine fibre areas. Surface electrical stimulation was used to determine muscle twitch parameters. The contractile variables of the muscle twitch were latency (L), time to peak force (TPF), peak force (PF), half-contraction time (1/2 CT) and half-relaxation time (1/2 RT). Backward elimination procedures for dependent variables were used to determine which contractile properties best represented the histochemical profile of the muscles. Prediction formulas were developed for FT and ST percentages (R2=0·98, p〈0·001), relative area percentage (R2=0·87, p〈0·001), and ST area (R2=0·85, p〈0·01). It was concluded that the use of the electrotensiometer (ETM) protocol was a valid testing procedure when studying physiological relationships of histochemical properties in intact human skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: dielectric heaters ; body currents ; SARs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Data are presented on ankle-specific SARs and foot currents as a function of strengths of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields encountered by operators of dielectric heaters. The determination of foot currents was based on near-field exposures in which reactive coupling dominates, and which can result in substantial SARs in exposed workers. The operators were located less than one wavelength from - usually within one meter of - the dielectric heaters, which generated fields at frequencies from 6.5 to 65 MHz. At distances normally assumed by workers, maximal strengths of electric fields ranged from 104 to 2.4 × 106 V2/m2; maximal strengths of magnetic fields ranged from 5.0 × 10-3 to 33.3 A2/m2. Currents through both feet to ground were measured while operators stood where they normally worked. Maximal currents ranged from 3 to 617 mA, rms. Nearly 27 percent of the dielectric heaters induced foot currents that exceeded the 200-mA limit that has been proposed for a new ANSI C95.1 standard. Twenty percent of the heaters induced foot currents that exceeded 350 mA. SARs in ankles were calculated from foot currents, and they approximated 5 W/kg at 100 mA, 29 W/kg at 250 mA, and 57 W/kg at 350 mA. The maximal SAR in the ankle was ∼ 176 W/kg at 617 mA. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1994-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0376-9429
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2673
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1993-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1994-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0269-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2435
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Ecological Society.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Kennicutt and Kent (1983) have shown that the global H alpha emission from a spiral galaxy is an indicator of the formation rate of massive stars. Moss, Whittle and Irwin (1988) have surveyed two clusters (Abell 347 and 1367) for galaxies with H alpha emission using a high dispersion objective prism technique. The purpose of the survey is to investigate environmental effects on star formation in spiral galaxies, and in particular to ascertain whether star formation is enhanced in cluster spirals. Approximately 20 percent of CGCG galaxies were detected in emission. Two plates of excellent quality were obtained for each of the two clusters, and galaxies were only identified to have emission if this was detected on both plates of a plate pair. In this way, plate flaws and other spurious identifications of emission could be rejected, and weak emission confirmed. The results of this survey have been discussed by Moss (1987). The detected galaxies are of types SO-a and later. The frequency with which galaxies are detected in emission increases towards later morphological type as expected (cf. Kennicutt and Kent 1983). There is no evidence of any dependence of the frequency of detected emission on the absolute magnitude of the galaxy (cf. Moss and Whittle 1990), but there is a strong correlation between a disturbed morphological appearance of the galaxy and the detection of emission. Furthermore it is found that the emission is more centrally concentrated in those galaxies which show a disturbed morphology. It may be noted that the objective prism plate gives a spectrum of a 400 A region around rest wavelength H alpha, but superposed on this is the H alpha emission from the galaxy which, because the light is essentially monochromatic, results in a true two-dimensional image of the H alpha distribution. The visual appearance of the emission on the prism plates was classified according to its diffuseness on a 5 point scale (very diffuse, diffuse, intermediate, compact, and very compact). In tabular form, the relation is shown between this classification and a morphologically disturbed appearance for the galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Paired and Interacting Galaxies: International Astronomical Union Colloquium No. 124; p 327-330
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Twenty-six stainless steel trunnion samples, five aluminum end support retainer plate samples, two aluminum keel plate samples, and two titanium clips were analyzed. The shielded high purity germanium detectors used had efficiencies of 33, 54, and 80 percent at 1332 keV. Detector efficiencies as a function of energy and corrections for self-absorption in the samples were determined with calibrated sources and unactivated control samples. Several measurements were made on most samples. In the trunnion samples, Mn-54 and Co-57 were seen and limits were obtained for other isotopes. The results agree well with 1-D activation calculations for an anisotropic trapped proton model. In the aluminum and titanium samples, Na-22 was detected. Other results are presented.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF: 69 Months in Space. First Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1; p 271-285
    Format: application/pdf
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