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  • 1
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    The D2 receptor gene (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabbe, J C -- Belknap, J K -- Buck, K J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 21;266(5184):352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholism/genetics ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Mice ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Genetic animal models of alcohol and drug abuse (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-17
    Description: Behavioral and pharmacological responses of selectively bred and inbred rodent lines have been analyzed to elucidate many features of drug sensitivity and the adverse effects of drugs, the underlying mechanisms of drug tolerance and dependence, and the motivational states underlying drug reward and aversion. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has been used to identify provisional chromosomal locations of genes influencing such pharmacological responses. Recent advances in transgenic technology, representational difference analysis, and other molecular methods now make feasible the positional cloning of QTLs that influence sensitivity to drugs of abuse. This marks a new period of synthesis in pharmacogenetic research, in which networks of drug-related behaviors, their underlying pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms, and particular genomic regions of interest are being identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabbe, J C -- Belknap, J K -- Buck, K J -- AA06243/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA08621/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA05228/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 17;264(5166):1715-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Service, Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Portland, OR 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholism/*genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Genetic Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Reward ; Substance-Related Disorders/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Commonalities between Ethanol-Induced LORR (Loss of Righting Reflex) and LORR due to Nitrous Oxide, Argon and Nitrogen (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 625 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33890.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome Mapping of Gene Loci Affecting Morphine and Amphetamine Responses in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 654 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25977.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-locus control of saccharin intake in BXD/Ty recombinant inbred (RI) mice: Some methodological implications for RI strain analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 22 (1992), S. 81-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: BXD recombinant inbred strains ; C57BL/6J ; DBA/2J ; saccharin preference ; quantitative trait loci (QTL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Thesac locus, with a major effect on saccharin preference, was discovered by Fuller (1974) in C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), and derived crosses, and is now supported in the BXD/Ty recombinant inbred (RI) series by a marked bimodal distribution in saccharin preference among 20 strains. The B6 allele led to increased saccharin preference compared to the D2 allele. Since the search for bimodal distributions reflecting major gene loci is an essential part of RI strain analysis, a new statistical method is proposed to test for bimodality, and comparisons are made to previously proposed methods. Another new RI method, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, allows provisional detection and mapping of minor as well as major gene loci. Using this method as a screen, significant associations with saccharin preference were suggested with marker loci on portions of six chromosomes. One of these, theD12nyu1 locus on chromosome 12, was independently supported in a panel of standard (non-RI) inbred strains also tested for saccharin preference. It is unclear whether this reflects thesac locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066794
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical estimates of bonferroni corrections for use in chromosome mapping studies with the BXD recombinant inbred strains (1992)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 22 (1992), S. 677-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: BXD recombinant inbred strains ; chromosome mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Most chromosome mapping efforts with the BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains involve comparisons between a trait of interest and each of a large number of marker loci for evidence of linkage. Such multiple tests or comparisons greatly increase the Type I error rate compared to the single-test situation. Perhaps the most direct way to obtain multiple-test error rates is to employ a Bonferroni correction, where the single-test alpha is multiplied by the number of independent (nonredundant) comparisons (k) to yield a multiple-test alpha that protects against even one fortuitous association with any of the markers. Several empirical estimates ofk are discussed for the published BXD marker set of 142 mapped loci and the newer unpublished marker set (October 1991) comprised of 352 marker loci. Reasonable estimates ofk appear to be roughly 40 and 65 for these two marker sets, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066638
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait loci (QTL) applications to substances of abuse: Physical dependence studies with nitrous oxide and ethanol in BXD mice (1993)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 23 (1993), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; BXD ; recombinant inbred strains ; C57BL/6 ; DBA/2 ; nitrous oxide ; ethanol ; withdrawal syndromes ; chromosome mapping ; drug abuse ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains were developed primarily as a tool to detect and provisionally map major gene loci—those with effects large enough to cause a bimodal distribution in the trait of interest. This implied that progress toward gene mapping was possible only for gene loci accounting for at least half of the genetic variance. More recently, QTL (quantitative trait loci) approaches have been advanced that do not require bimodal distributions and are thus applicable to a much wider range of phenotypes. They offer the prospect of meaningful progress toward detecting and mapping minor as well as major gene loci affecting any trait of interest, provided there is a significant degree of genetic determination among the RI strains. This paper presents a review of RI gene mapping efforts concerning phenotypes related to drug abuse and presents new data for studies now in progress for nitrous oxide and acute ethanol withdrawal intensity. These two studies exemplify several strengths and limitations of the RI QTL approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067426
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inbred strain differences in morphine-induced analgesia with the hot plate assay: A reassessment (1990)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 20 (1990), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: DBA/2J ; C57BL/6J ; C3H/HeJ ; morphine ; analgesia ; hot plate assay ; genetics ; opioid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Using the hot plate assay of analgesia, several investigators have reported DBA/2J mice to be much more sensitive to morphine and other opioids than C57BL/6J mice using paw-lick as the behavioral end point. In the present studies, we compared DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeJ mice on two behavioral end points, either (1) the initial response to the hot plate, either a hind paw-lift, paw-shake, or paw-lick, whichever occurred first, or (2) the paw-lick response. In response to either morphine or saline, all three strains showed roughly equivalent latencies to the initial response, but the DBA/2J strain was markedly slow to show paw-lick as a nocifensive response compared to the C57BL/6J strain. As a result, only for the paw-lick response were there significant differences among the three inbred strains in morphine analgesia. Thus, differences in analgesic sensitivity among these strains are largely a function of the behavioral end point used to assess nociception to the hot plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067800
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