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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional constraints on mountain baboons (Papio ursinus): Implications for baboon socioecology (1993)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 33 (1993), S. 233-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Baboon ; Socioecology ; Diet ; Altitude ; Seasonality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Populations of baboon (Papio sp.) at geographic and climatic extremes for the genus show a tendency to one-male organization, whereas most baboons live in multimale social groups; this effect has been attributed largely to limitation of food supply, but baboons' complex diet has hindered proper nutritional analyses. To test these optimal-diet explanations of social variation, we quantified intake and used phytochemical analysis of foods to compare the nutrition, during seasonal changes, of two groups of mountain baboons (P. ursinus) living at different altitudes of a continuous grassland habitat. The majority of plant foods were eaten uniquely by one or other group, though their altitudinal separation was only 400 m, and the time budget of feeding choices varied with age-sex class as well as season. Converting to a common currency of nutrients reveals that baboons gained the same yield from a unit time spent foraging (whether this is measured in edible dry weight, or simply protein) in both groups, despite their differing mean altitude, whereas seasonal variation was large and statistically significant. Increased feeding time at the winter “bottleneck” made no effective compensation for the poorer food yields: in late winter there was a minimum for daily nutrient gain at both altitudes. Apparently this population is already at an extreme for the time animals devote to foraging in winter, when they rely on inconspicuous and slow-to-harvest swollen shoot bases and underground plant storage organs. Since an individual's nutrient yield does not vary with altitude, we conclude that socioecological parameters are effectively optimized for feeding. Since contest competition is absent, this adjustment of foraging efficiency is largely through the effect of differential density on scramble competition. Differences in social structure are considered to be a secondray consequence of optimal foraging, mediated through altitudinal variation in either population density or in day range limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between altitude and group size in mountain baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 11 (1990), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: baboon ; Papio ; demography ; population dynamics ; ecology ; altitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-seven troops were counted during a 1989 census of the mountain baboon population at Giants Castle Game Reserve. In contrast to earlier findings, and despite a similar population structure, we found no relationship between group size and altitude. We argue that this is a consequence of long-term population processes whereby groups split as they grow larger and, in some cases, as their home ranges expand upward. At these high altitudes, smaller groups are eventually subjected to environmental conditions that destroy them. We propose that the high-altitude slopes act as a demographic sink.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental correlates of gastrointestinal parasitism in montane and lowland baboons in Natal, South Africa (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 14 (1993), S. 623-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Papio cynocephalus ursinus ; parasitism ; food shortage ; diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We compared the gastrointestinal parasites of the baboon,Papio cynocephalus ursinus, living in montane (altitude, 〉1800 m) and coastal lowland (altitude, 100–200 m) habitats in Natal, South Africa, using fecal analysis. While the montane animals harbored a smaller number of species, helminth egg-output rates were higher in them than in the lowland animals. The decrease in parasite diversity with increasing altitude was expected, but the difference in helminth egg output was not. It may be due to a combination of food shortage, which characterizes the montane environment, especially at the end of winter, and the high proportion of soil-contaminated items in the diets of the montane animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02215451
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The differential use of cheek pouches in a troop ofPapio ursinus (1992)
    Springer
    Primates 33 (1992), S. 477-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Cheek pouches ; Baboons ; Habitat ; Conspecific competition ; Body size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cheek pouches, one of the distinguishing characters of the Cercopithecinae, are structures used for the temporary storage of food. Their size and frequency of use within a given species are related primarily to the amount of conspecific competition for food. In relation to total body size, members of the genusPapio are considered to have relatively small cheek pouches which are said to be used only occasionally to maximize food harvest when local clusters of food are encountered. This investigation represents 165 hours of observation on a troop ofPapio ursinus at Mkuzi Game Reserve in Natal, South Africa. At the time of observation the choice of foods in the home range was restricted and usually found in abundance only in small clusters of trees. Given that conspecific competition would have been pronounced under these conditions, it was thought that any differences in the frequency of cheek pouch use related to age, sex, rank, or the reproductive state of an animal would be readily recognizable. The results indicated that cheek pouches were used differentially throughout the day, with virtually all ages of each sex displaying the same general pattern of maximal cheek pouch use during the middle of the day. In each sex there was an age graded diminution of the frequency of cheek pouch use from juveniles to adults. This trend was more pronounced in males resulting in a substantial sex difference in the use of cheek pouches between adult males and females. In addition, there was some indication that differences in the frequency of cheek pouch use between adult males were correlated with rank. Although a pattern of cheek pouch use and rank was not evident amongst adult females, there was an association between reproductive state and the frequency of cheek pouch use. Overall, body size, dominance, and energetic demands appeared to be the most significant factors underlying the differences in cheek pouch use in this troop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381151
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