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Responses in Agronomic Traits Associated with Three Recurrent Selection Regimes for Groat-Oil Content in Oat (1992)

Schipper, H. ; Frey, K. J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Crop strains with high values for the selected trait but unacceptable agronomic characteristics are not useful as varieties. In this study, we determined whether selection for groat-oil content in oat (Avena sativa L.) via three recurrent selection regimes caused associated changes in 10 agronomic traits. Random lines of each cycle of selection of each regime were evaluated in a replicated field experiment at two locations. Biomass, grain yield, groat yield, and test weight decreased in all three regimes. Seed weight and plant height decreased in two regimes, and groat fraction in one. Oil yield increased in two regimes and decreased in the other. Plants headed earlier in one and later in another regime over cycles of selection. No changes in harvest index occurred. Heritabilities and genetic variances were relatively high for all traits in each regime. Factor analysis of the phenotypic correlation matrices indicated that simultaneous increases in grain yield and in groat-oil content are possible, that continuous selection for groat-oil content decreases groat fraction and test weight, and that seed weight is strongly and negatively associated with groat-oil content. A new recurrent selection regime for increasing groat-oil content of oat that may overcome the negative responses of agronomic traits was proposed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00135.x

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McFerson, J. K. ; Frey, K. J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Three oat (Avena saliva L.) populations (i.e., lines of descent), high grain yield (HG), high protein content (HP), and high protein yield per se (HGP), each developed by three cycles of S, recurrent selection, were evaluated for the effect of selection for groat-protein yield upon other agronomic traits. Selections making up the HG line of descent had high protein yield primarily due to high grain yield, and those selected for HP had high protein yield due to both high protein content and high grain yield. Selection in HGP was on the basis of protein yield per se. Selection caused increases in bundle weight, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and seed number in all lines of descent. Heading date, plant height, and seed weight were unaffected, whereas groat percentage and test weight were decreased in HP and HGP. Heritabilities were high for heading date, plant height, test weight, and seed weight, moderate for harvest index and bundle weight, and low for groat percentage. Genetic variability generally declined from CO to C3 for all traits.Groat-protein yield and amount of protein per groat increased in all lines of descent. In HG, the increase in groat weight was due primarily to increases in the nonprotein fraction, with groat-protein content actually decreasing. In HGP, groat weight increased due to increases in protein and nonprotein fractions, and groat protein content remained constant. In HP, groat weight and amount of nonprotein per groat decreased, thus increasing groat-protein content.Three cycles of recurrent selection resulted in oat lines with groat-protein yields significantly higher than the highest lines from CO. Utilization of index selection may be desirable to obtain populations of greater breeding value.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00114.x

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3

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Associations between nitrogen harvest index and yield characteristics of oats (1990)

Kairudin, N. MD. ; Frey, K. J.

Springer

Euphytica 47 (1990), S. 1-10

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Key words ; Avena sativa ; oats ; adaptability ; yield response ; yield stability

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Fifty lines of oats (Avena Sativa L.) with a broad range of nitrogen harvest indexes (NHI) and nine check lines were evaluated in 15 environments to study the association between NHI and adaptability of oat lines to soils with different productivity levels due primarily to different amounts of N. Three yield characteristics (i.e., mean across environments, regression response to improving environments, and stability of response) were used to measure adaptability. The lines were significantly variable for means of grain and straw yield, for responsiveness to improving environments, and for stability of yield. Among the yield characteristics, only the mean of grain yield was significantly correlated with NHI.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040355

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4

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Growth analyses of oat lines with low and high groat-oil content (1991)

Schipper, H. ; Frey, K. J.

Springer

Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 221-229

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sativa L. ; groat-oil content ; growth analysis ; oat ; phenotypic recurrent selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary A considerable increase in groat-oil content of oat (Avena sativa L.) has been accomplished recently. The objective of this study was to determine whether physiological traits of oat plants with high groat-oil content are changed in a way that would provide the energy needed for increased groat-oil content. Growth analyses were conducted in 1987 and 1988 on 25 oat lines with low and on 25 with high groat-oil content. Three harvests were made in 1987 and six in 1988. Plot biomass, plant weight, leaf area, and leaf weight were measured at each harvest and estimates for relative crop growth rate, unit leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and leaf weight ratio were derived. Grain yield, groat-oil content, and groat-protein content were measured at maturity. The data were analysed by using the stepwise multivariate analysis of variance technique. The results suggest that changes in growth characteristics and increases in photosynthetic capacity provide the extra bioenergy required for synthesis of more groat oil. The groat-protein content did not change as a result of increased groat-oil content in oat.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022997

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5

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Direct and correlated responses to three S1-recurrent selection strategies for increasing protein yield in oat (1994)

Moser, H. S. ; Frey, K. J.

Springer

Euphytica 78 (1994), S. 123-132

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: oat ; protein yield ; groat yield ; protein concentration ; recurrent selection ; Avena sativa

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of S1-recurrent selection for increasing groat (caryopsis)-protein yield in oat (Avena sativa L.) and to compare the effects of three selection strategies on correlated responses in groat yield and groat-protein concentration. Three S1-recurrent selection programs were conducted for five cycles. Selection criteria in each program (line of descent) emphasized different components of protein yield; high grain yield in HG, both high grain yield and high groat-protein concentration in HP, and protein yield per se in HGP. Thirty to sixty random S0-derived lines from each cycle and ten check lines were evaluated in one year at two locations to estimate the response to selection. Groat-protein yield increased 4.4% cycle-1 in HG, 3.4% cycle-1 in HP, and 2.2% cycle-1 in HGP. Gains in groat yield were 7% cycle-1 in HG, 1% cycle-1 in HP, and 3% cycle-1 in HGP. Mean groat-protein yield and groat yield in the cycle 5 (C5) populations of all three lines of descent were equal to or slightly higher than those of high yielding cultivars. The HG line of descent showed a significant decrease from 193 to 175 g kg-1 groat protein, while the HP line of descent showed a significant increase from 202 to 218 g kg-1. The HGP line of descent showed a small but significant decline in groat protein from 200 to 192 g kg-1. In comparison, the high-protein commercial cultivars contained about 210 g kg-1 groat protein. The C5 population of the HP line of descent had a unique combination of high groat yield and high groat-protein concentration. Genotypic variances for groat-protein yield, groat yield, and groat-protein concentration were not always significant in the various cycles of the three lines of descent, but in no instance was there a consistent change from C0 to C5. S1-recurrent selection was effective for increasing groat-protein yield of oat, and with the proper germplasm and selection strategy both groat yield and groat-protein concentration can be improved simultaneously.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021407

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6

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Multivariate analysis of variation among wild oat accessions — seed traits (1990)

Rezai, A. ; Frey, K. J.

Springer

Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 111-119

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sterilis ; clustering analysis ; principal-component analysis ; canonical discriminate analysis ; geographic distribution

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary A sample of 457 (Avena sterilis L.) accessions from the World Oat Collection maintained at the Germplasm Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, was studied by multivariate analyses to explain the phenotypic relationships among the entries. According to these analyses, patterns of seed trait associations suggest that diversity may have geographic patterning. For example, the accessions from countries and islands of the western Mediterranean tend to have a common set of traits. Number of spikelets per panicle and groat weight and dimensions were important traits that discriminated the A. sterilis accessions into the group. It was concluded that region-specific adaptations are responsible for occurrence of certain traits and trait associations in specific geographic regions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027260

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7

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Changes in fatty acid composition associated with recurrent selection for groat-oil content in oat (1991)

Schipper, H. ; Frey, K. J. ; Hammond, E. G.

Springer

Euphytica 56 (1991), S. 81-88

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sativa L. ; fatty acid composition ; groat-oil content ; recurrent selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Groat oil of oat (Avena sativa L.) is a well-balanced oil with respect to saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, we measured the effect of six cycles of recurrent selection for high groat-oil content on the fatty acid composition of the groat oil. From each cycle of selection, 50 oat lines were grown in a replicated field experiment at two sites and were evaluated for groat-oil content and fatty acid composition. Concentrations of palmitate and linolenate decreased moderately over cycles of selection, whereas stearate content increased. A major increase occurred in the content of oleate and a major decrease in linoleate. Most of the modification of fatty acid composition took place within the saturated and unsaturated classes. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased over cycles of selection. Significant genetic variation was present for each fatty acid, indicating that selection for different desired fatty acid compositions in groat oil of oat should be possible in this population.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041747

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8

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Genetic interrelations among grain quality indicators and agronomic traits for oat (1992)

Pixley, K. V. ; Frey, K. J.

Springer

Euphytica 60 (1992), S. 149-156

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sativa ; genotypic correlations ; grain quality ; grain yield ; oat ; predicted gain from selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Test weight, seed weight, and groat percentage are three common measures of grain quality for oat (Avena sativa L.). There is considerable disagreement, however, about the utility of each of these traits as measures of grain quality, so it is important to understand the genetic interrelations among them and between them and other agronomic traits. In this study, 50 random F2-derived F3 lines from each of 13 biparental oat crosses were evaluated. Genotypic variances, heritabilities, and genotypic correlations for test weight (TW), seed weight (SW), groat percentage (GP), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), plant height (PH), and date of heading (DH) were used to predict and compare direct and indirect gains from single-trait selection. Direct selection was always the most effective method for improving single traits; average predicted improvement of population means was 4% for TW, 10% for SW, 1% for GP, and 14% for GY when 10% selection intensity was applied. Genotypic correlation coefficients, averaged for all crosses, were 0.04 for TW with SW, 0.37 for TW with GP, -0.09 for SW with GP, and 0.29, 0.36, and 0.30 for GY with TW, SW, and GP, respectively. Thus, direct selection for TW, SW, or GP should not greatly affect the other two grain quality indicators. For the seven traits considered, there seemed to be no large advantage or disadvantage, in terms of correlated responses, associated with selection for any of the grain quality indicators.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029670

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9

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Grain-yield characteristics of oat lines surviving uniform and shuttle selection strategies (1994)

Young, Carrie ; Frey, K. J.

Springer

Euphytica 76 (1994), S. 63-71

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sativa ; oat ; grain yield ; yield stability

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Four selection strategies were used on four sets of oat lines to select for grain yield. Two of these used uniform environments whereby sequential selection of the high-yielding lines occurred in continuous high- or continuous low-productivity environments. These are referred to as high and low uniform selection strategies, respectively. The other two selection strategies were conducted by sequential selection of the high-yielding lines in alternating high- and low-productivity environments. They are referred to as high and low shuttle selection strategies, respectively, with high and low designating the productivity of the first environment in the sequence. After three or four cycles of selection, the surviving lines and a random sample from each set were evaluated for mean grain yield, grain yield response to improving environments, and stability of grain yield, in a range of environments typical of oat production on Iowa farms. Grain yield and regression response for all selection strategies, when calculated across all sets of lines, were significantly greater than corresponding values for random samples. Stability was unchanged. The uniform-high and uniform-low strategies gave the greatest and the smallest gains in mean grain yield, respectively, with the shuttle strategies giving intermediate gains. Shuttle selection in predominantly high-productivity environments increased grain yield more than shuttle selection in predominantly low-productivity environments. The uniform-strategy followed by the shuttle-high strategy identified entries with superior performance in high productivity environments. Increased gain in mean grain yield across all environments was associated with increased number of selection cycles conducted in high-productivity environments.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024021

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