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  • 1990-1994  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on autoclaved-induced toxicity in tissue culture media: gauging sugar breakdown by spectrophotometry (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 82 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fructose and sucrose were used to investigate cyanide-induced absorption changes after high temperature treatment. By comparing the time-resolved absorbance difference spectra obtained under aerobic conditions with those under aerobic conditions, absorbance changes that are associated with the process of oxygen consumption were identified. The rates of absorbance changes of autoclaved sucrose solution or of autoclaved MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497) were correlated with those of oxygen consumption measured by polarography and used for determining the toxicity of culture media (Hsiao and Bornman 1991. Physiol. Plant. 81: 55–58). When autoclaved together with sucrose, FeNa-EDTA promotes its degradation. Absorbance change, therefore, is a convenient parameter for measuring not only the extent of carbohydrate breakdown at high temperature but also the relative toxicity of culture media autoclaved under different conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00091.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubular organization in protoplasts and cells of somatic embryo-regenerating and non-regenerating cultures of Larix (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 91 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Protoplasts were isolated from both somatic embryo-regenerating and non-regenerating cultures of hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry) and fractionated on a discontinuous Percoll density gradient, whereby a highly embryogenic protoplast fraction could be enriched. This fraction was cultured for 14 days, and the differentiating protoplasts, cells, proetmbryos and embryo-like cell clusters sampled at days 3, 5 and 14. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the microtubules became organized into parallel and helical arrays in protoplast-derived cells of the embryogenic tissue as early as day 3 in culture, at which time the protoplast-derived cells started to elongate. In most of the protoplasts from non-regenerating tissue the microtubules retained a random orientation for a longer period. Preprophase bands were observed in both lines. Mitotic spindles consisted mainly of kinetochore-associated microtubules and displayed broad polar regions at metaphase. The spindle poles contracted at anaphase, giving the spindles a pointed appearance. A difference between the two tissue lines was observed at telophase, when the phragmoplast in the non-regenerating tissue had a normal appearance, while a proportion of the phragmoplasts from the embryo-regenerating line were branched or Y-shaped. Y-shaped phragmoplasts resulted in two nucleated cells and one enucleated cell after fusion of the cell plate with the plasma membrane. The early rearrangement of cortical microtubules is an indication that organized growth is occurring but, as this phenomenon has been observed also in regenerating non-emhryogenic cells, it appears to be a doubtful indicator of the distinction between emhryogenic and non-embryogenic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb03005.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An oxygen electrode assay to determine autoclaved-induced toxicity in tissue culture media (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An oxygen electrode was used to assay cyanide-induced oxygen consumption of 8 sugars following autoclaving and the results correlated with the effects of the same sugars (reported by de Lange, S. Afr. J. Bol. 55, 1, 1989) on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Of the sugars tested, fructose was the least stable, producing a degradation product that resulted in a 40-fold higher consumption of oxygen than sucrose. The use of cyanide-induced oxygen uptake makes it possible to control more carefully the conditions of preparation of sterile media by autoclaving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb01712.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avoidance of precipitation and carbohydrate breakdown in autoclaved plant tissue culture media (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extent of breakdown of fructose and glucose derived from sucrose in the medium of Murashige and Skoog (1962) during autoclaving was investigated by polarographic measurement. Although not present in the original MS medium but often used in place of FeSO4 + Na2-EDTA, FeNa-EDTA was found to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of these monosaccharides. It would therefore be good practice to autoclave FeNa-EDTA separate from the carbohydrate constituents of the medium in order to reduce the formation of toxic substances derived from the latter's breakdown. Autoclaving FeNa-EDTA separately has the additional advantage of preventing precipitation of certain micronutrient elements. Further precipitation can be avoided by autoclaving FeNa-EDTA and KH2PO4 together, but separately, from other components of the medium. By eliminating precipitation and minimizing the breakdown of monosaccharides during autoclaving, it is possible to improve the quality of the medium without resorting to sterilization by filtering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232040
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of synthetic cytokinins on levels of endogenous cytokinins and respiration patterns ofBeta vulgaris cells in suspension (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 197-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Respiration patterns and growth of cytokinin-dependent cell suspensions ofBeta vulgaris L., precultured in media with or without three different synthetic cytokinins [benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN), and thidiazuron (TDA)], were compared. The content of endogenous cytokinins, especially zeatin and isopentenyladenine, as well as the dry mass yield, were dependent on the kind of synthetic cytokinin present in the culture medium and decreased in the following order: thidiazuron, kinetin, benzyladenine, no cytokinin. The apparent capacity of the alternative pathway, as measured after blocking of the cytochrome pathway by cyanide, was inversely proportional to the content of endogenous cytokinins. Some synthetic cytokinins (e.g., benzyladenine), when exogenously applied, are known to inhibit selectively the alternative pathway. However, this does not necessarily imply that the mechanism of action of endogenous cytokinins on the respiration pattern is limited to a single effect on the alternative pathway. Multiple effects on oxidative processes cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279334
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