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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community succession following massive ice-scour on a rocky intertidal shore: recruitment, competition and predation during early, primary succession (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 565-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The importance of species interactions and recruitment variability was examined during the first year and a half of primary succession (1988–1989) on an exposed rocky seashore near Halifax, Nova Scotia. Previous work suggested that emergent rock on these shores is normally dominated by fucoid rockweeds because predatory whelks control the sessile animal competitors, mussels and barnacles, and because herbivorous littorinids control ephemeral algal competitors. Abundances of all species except seasonal ephemeral algae were very small throughout this experiment and we found no significant effects of carnivory, herbivory, plant-animal competition or plant-plant competition. A slight facilitation of Fucus recruitment is attributed to a thin mat of ephemeral, blue-green algae. Very few other studies have directly manipulated intertidal ephemeral algae. As primary succession may be very rare in this assemblage, these results may be specific to these circumstances, but they highlight the varying importance of species interactions with variable recruitment. In particular, it appears that variations in recruitment success may be important to community structure, even when recruitment is not limited by propagule supply. The scale of the study also provides insight into successional processes occurring after the recent, extensive ice-scour of exposed seashores in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349363
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding preferences of periwinkles among four species ofFucus (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 106 (1990), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A widely accepted view of intertidal community organizatiton in the NW Atlantic proposes that fucoid vegetation is maintained by the actions of predators which remove species competitively superior toFucus species. Herbivory is an important component of these predatory interactions, but has been studied largely with reference to the interaction betweenF. vesiculosus andLittorina littorea. There are many species of fucoids and herbivorous invertebrates on the shores of the NW Atlantic and this paper reports field and laboratory experiments performed in 1987 (in or near Halifax, Canada) on the effects of grazing by three species ofLittorina on adults and juveniles of four species ofFucus. In laboratory experiments, portions ofFucus species were presented singly (no choice) or together (multiple choice) to single species ofLittorina. AdultF. distichus was grazed to only a small extent.F. evanescens andF. vesiculosus adult tissues were heavily grazed in most laboratory experiments.F. spiralis adults were heavily grazed in no choice experiments, but were grazed only slightly in multiple choice tests. When adult fucoid tissues were exposed to a mixed suite of grazers in the field, onlyF. vesiculosus was grazed heavily. Tests done on adult tissues showed clearly thatFucus species are highly variable in their vunerability to grazers. Moreover, we found variability among periwinkle species in grazing rates on adultFucus. We also found a great disparity in the feeding rates of different periwinkle species on juveniles ofFucus. Therefore, it is not possible to extrapolate from a single periwinkle species/single fucoid species interaction when attempting to identify vegetation structuring processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114681
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding preferences of gammarid amphipods among four species ofFucus (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 109 (1991), S. 503-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Each of fourFucus species occurring on the Atlantic coast of Canada was presented to two species of gammarid amphipods in no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory experiments. We also measured concentrations of anti-herbivore phlorotannins in each of theFucus species. The study site was Cranberry Cove in Nova Scotia, Canada, and experiments were conducted in 1988. In a multiple-choice experiment,F. vesiculosus was very heavily grazed. Other species were much less affected. In a no-choice experiment,F. evanescens, F. spiralis andF. vesiculosus were eaten at similar rates, whileF. distichus was barely grazed. These results correlate with measurements of phorotannin concentrations in each of the species.F. distichus had much higher concentrations than did the other species (which were not significantly different among themselves). There is no general clear-cut relationship between grazer deterrence and competitive capability within the fucoid guild studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron probe microanalysis of Nicalon fibres (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5389-5396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electron probe microanalysis of a sample of Nicalon fibre showed it to consist of 54.9 wt% Si, 32.1 wt% C and 11.6 wt% O. Studies of the fine structure of the X-ray emission bands suggested these elements were combined as 46 vol% silicon carbide, 34 vol% silicon oxycarbide and 20 vol% free carbon, with the oxycarbide in the outermost regions of the fibre being significantly richer in oxygen. The silicon carbide was composed of microcrystallites several micrometres in diameter and the remaining material formed an amorphous network of material surrounding the microcrystallites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02403848
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disturbance and organization of macroalgal assemblages in the Northwest Atlantic (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 192 (1990), S. 77-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Northwest Atlantic ; intertidal ; subtidal ; disturbance ; biological interactions ; community organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Large seaweeds are often structurally dominant in subtidal and intertidal rocky shore benthic communities of the N.W. Atlantic. The mechanisms by which these algal assemblages are maintained are surprisingly different in the two habitats. In the subtidal community, kelps are dominant space competitors in the absence of strong grazing interactions. In contrast, the large perennial seaweeds of intertidal zones (fucoids and Chondrus crispus) are competitively inferior to both sessile filter feeders and ephemeral, pioneer algal species. Intertidal seaweed beds are maintained by carnivory of whelks, which reduces filter feeder populations, and by herbivorous periwinkles which reduce ephemeral algal populations. Through most of the intertidal zone, disturbance, both biological and physical, dictates which species shall compete and equilibrium conditions obtain subsequently. The roles of subtidal consumers are quite different. Sea urchins are the major algal herbivores and these voracious animals maintain an equilibrium state in which large tracts of subtidal coralline pavement are kept free of kelp forests. Urchins do not seem to play a successional facilitative role for kelps in the way that periwinkles do for fucoids in the intertidal. Control of herbivore populations is thus a key to the maintenance of subtidal foliose algal beds. It is clear that parasitic amoebas can decimate sea urchin populations so that kelp forest dominance is assured. However, the importance of carnivory in limiting urchins in the subtidal community is unclear in the absence of appropriate manipulation experiments. It is possible that carnivorous decapods and fin fish control sea urchin populations and hence foliose algal abundance, but this must remain speculative. The seaweed-dominated state of the subtidal system is an alternative equilibrium condition to the urchin/coralline alga configuration. The structure of the kelp beds is relatively uniform in responding to frequent small-scale, infrequent large-scale, or no, disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006228
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive interactions between Fucus spiralis L. and F. vesiculosus L. (Fucales, Phaeophyta) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Atlantic ; competition ; Fucus ; replacement series experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fucus spiralis forms a conspicuous belt in the upper intertidal on rocky shores of the NW Atlantic. The objective of this study was to determine whether competition among congeners plays a role in restricting the distribution of F. spiralis to the upper shore. A replacement series design was used to test the growth performance of F. spiralis and F. vesiculosus in monocultures and in mixtures set up in the mid shore level on an exposed rocky coast. For F. spiralis and F. vesiculosus, all individual and relative crowding coefficients were 〈 1 and 〉 1, respectively. Hence, F. vesiculosus succeeded relative to F. spiralis in all mixtures tested. This finding was confirmed by graphical analysis. Ratio diagrams showed that the outcome of long term interaction among the species is extinction of F. spiralis. The results lead to the conclusion that interaction among congeners is a major determinant of the restricted distribution of F. spiralis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040235
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disturbance and organization of macroalgal assemblages in the Northwest Atlantic (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 203 (1990), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005687
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of microstructure on the strength of Nicalon-reinforced aluminium metal-matrix composites (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 4523-4534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of two aluminium-based composites reinforced with Nicalon fibre are investigated. During composite processing, aluminium carbide forms at the interface as a result of a reaction between aluminium and free carbon in the fibre. Magnesium, when present in the aluminium matrix, diffuses into the outer (~ 200 nm) layer of the fibre where it reacts with the silicon oxycarbide constituent to form magnesium-containing oxide and also to free carbon for the production of more interfacial aluminium carbide. These chemical reactions affect to differing degrees the strength of a fibre, as measured after extraction from the two composites, and influence the respective fibre/matrix interfacial friction stress and composite strength. A simple rule-of-mixtures approach based upon the measured strength of extracted fibres gave some agreement with longitudinal properties of the composite, but treatment of the fibres as bundles, using a Weibull probability distribution of properties, provided more accurate predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376275
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron probe microanalysis of Nicalon fibres (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5389-5396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electron probe microanalysis of a sample of Nicalon fibre showed it to consist of 54.9 wt% Si, 32.1 wt% C and 11.6 wt% O. Studies of the fine structure of the X-ray emission bands suggested these elements were combined as 46 vol% silicon carbide, 34 vol% silicon oxycarbide and 20 vol% free carbon, with the oxycarbide in the outermost regions of the fibre being significantly richer in oxygen. The silicon carbide was composed of microcrystallites several micrometres in diameter and the remaining material formed an amorphous network of material surrounding the microcrystallites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553423
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  • 10
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    Electron probe microanalysis of Nicalon fibres (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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