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  • 1990-1994  (201)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 2807-2816 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pulsed laser deposition technique has been used to study the process of layering and intermixing of precursor oxide phases of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) during deposition from separate component targets. The films are grown on (100)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by ablation from the component targets YBa2Ox/CuO or Y2Cu2O5/BaCuO2 under process conditions similar to those needed for the growth of YBCO films from a composite target. For precursor oxide layers below a critical thickness, which can be as large as 1000 A(ring), facile formation of high-quality epitaxial YBCO films is observed resulting from interdiffusion and reaction of the constituent phases. On the other hand, while some degree of intermixing occurs above the critical thickness, there is no evidence of formation of the YBCO phase. The novel solid-phase epitaxy observed below the critical thickness is believed to result from diffusion of species through grain boundaries of the initial precursor oxide layer, followed by reaction at the substrate interface to epitaxially nucleate the YBCO layers. The process continues until all of the initial oxide layer is consumed and can be repeated with deposition of subsequent alternate layers. The dynamics of the diffusion process has been investigated using in situ resistance measurements to monitor the growth of the YBCO phase. The results show that the time scale for interdiffusion and reaction is very rapid (∼10–100 ms), and occurs soon after arrival of the ablated species from the second component target on the surface of the initial precursor oxide layer. These results have important implications for the choice of component oxide blocks for layer-by-layer growth of artificially structured films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1676-1678 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a magneto-optical technique, we have nondestructively imaged macroscopic variations in magnetic flux that penetrate laser-ablated, c-axis oriented, epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting films deposited on crystalline (100)SrTiO3 substrates. Flux penetration into YBa2Cu3O7 films in an externally applied magnetic field is enhanced at crystalline substrate defect sites. A relationship between flux penetration and substrate defects is experimentally demonstrated with a YBa2Cu3O7 film deposited on an intentionally degraded crystalline SrTiO3 surface.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1682-1684 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A characteristic feature of epitaxial [110] thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ and PrBa2Cu3O7−x on [110]SrTiO3 substrates is that the films have a tendency to crack along the (001) planes. We have studied the crack spacing as a function of deposition temperature and film thickness. The experimental data have been found to be in excellent agreement with a theoretical analysis of the crack spacings in brittle films. The study has allowed us to determine the critical thickness below which no cracks are expected to form as a function of temperature for [110] films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ, PrBa2Cu3O7−x, and YBa2Cu3O7−δ/ PrBa2Cu3O7−x bilayers.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 203-205 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The superconducting transport properties of strained multilayer thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/ Nd1.83Ce0.17CuOx, grown heteroepitaxially by laser ablation deposition, are reported. For individual layer thicknesses below a critical layer thickness of about 250 A(ring), coherency strain removes the orthorhombic distortion in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ layers and makes them twin-free. Zero-field critical current densities as high as 1.1×107 A/cm2 at 77 K have been measured for the YBa2Cu3O7−δ layers. Flux pinning energies at zero temperature and zero magnetic field in the range of 80–140 meV have been found.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1211-1213 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) have been grown by pulsed laser deposition in a low-pressure background (10−4–10−3 Torr) by using a pulsed, high intensity jet of O2 or N2O for oxidation. The oxygen source is provided by a pulsed molecular beam valve, and the opening of the valve and the triggering of the laser are synchronized with appropriate delay so that the supersonic gas jet and the ablated fragments arrive at the substrate at the same time. This provides the necessary oxygen to form the YBCO phase while maintaining a low oxygen background. The YBCO phase is not formed if the oxygen pulse is provided either before or much after the arrival of the ablation fragments at the substrate. The ability to grow superconducting films at low background pressures should allow usage of in situ analysis techniques, such as reflection high-energy electron diffraction, during pulsed laser deposition.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2851-2853 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Evidence is presented to explain laser-based aqueous salt etching in terms of vapor bubble growth conditions at the irradiated surface of a substrate. The effect of pulse and frequency modulation of a cw laser is investigated to determine growth behavior for adhering bubbles in pure water. The role of salt in solution (such as KOH, NaOH, or CaCl2) is discussed in terms of its function as a diffusion barrier for growing vapor bubbles. Etching data are presented for the case of a Cu-vapor laser applied to a Mn-Zn-ferrite substrate, comparing results with and without KOH in the etching solution.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2555-2557 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated and measured the properties of micron-size single grain boundary junctions and dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). The width of the junctions was varied between 0.25 and 2 μm. The junctions were formed in c-axis oriented epitaxial films with a single 24° tilt boundary. They were fabricated using electron beam lithography and ion milling. All of the junctions operate at 77 K. The noise properties of SQUIDs made of these junctions have been characterized. They show a significant 1/f component which is comparable to published values. However, the white noise level, 3×10−31 J/Hz measured at 77 K, is the lowest ever reported.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 727-729 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated YBa2Cu3O7−δ grain boundary junction dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with a square washer geometry design. The SQUIDs were formed in c-axis oriented epitaxial films with a single grain boundary of predetermined nature. These SQUIDs show perfectly periodic voltage-flux characteristics without hysteresis from 4.2 to 87 K. At 77 K intrinsic energy sensitivities of 1.5×10−30 and 3.0×10−30 J/Hz at 10 kHz were obtained for 60 and 110 pH SQUIDs, respectively. The intrinsic energy sensitivity limited by 1/f noise at 10 Hz was 1.2×10−28 and 5.5×10−28 J/Hz. The SQUID voltage noise was found to be almost identical to the voltage noise from one of its junctions. The flux focusing effect of the washer geometry was also measured.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 686-688 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the first observations of superconducting quantum interference in multilevel, all high Tc, lithographically patterned edge junction structures. The current-voltage characteristics are nonhysteretic and have well-defined critical currents. The dynamic resistance is independent of current above the critical current. These devices show periodic sensitivity to magnetic fields and low levels of magnetic hysteresis up to temperatures around 60 K.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1169-1169 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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