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Digitale Medien

The predicted effect of SO2 emission controls on the water quality of eastern Canadian lakes (1992)

Jeffries, D. S. ; Lam, D. C. L. ; Wong, I. ; [weitere]

Springer

Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 99-113

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ISSN: 1573-2959

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract Changes in SO inf4 sup2- deposition predicted to occur in response to implementation of announced SO2 emission control programs in Canada and the U.S.A. have been used as input to water chemistry models thereby giving an estimate of the changes in lake acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and pH that can be expected from these programs. Eastern Canada has been divided into 22 subregions for the purpose of this analysis. Relative to the current level (1982–86) of SO inf4 sup2- deposition (Scenario 1), the effect of the Canadian SO2 emission control program alone (Scenario 2) is compared to that obtained when controls are implemented throughout North America (Scenarios 3 and 4). SO2 emission reduction will effect a shrinkage of the high wet SO inf4 sup2- deposition field in NE North America such that under Scenario 4 conditions, almost no area will remain in Canada that receives 〉20 kg ha-1 yr-1. The greatest decrease in deposition and resulting change in lake chemistry occurs in southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec. ANC distributions shift to higher concentrations and the percentage of lakes having pH〈6 decreases in these areas. The Atlantic Provinces will obtain only a minor benefit from the control programs, i.e. experiencing only a small decrease in deposition and improvement in water quality. High sensitivity of the terrain in many parts of Atlantic Canada means that large numbers of lakes will remain acidic (i.e. ANC〈0) and/or have pH〈6 (an important biological threshold) even after full implementation of the current plans for SO2 control in Canada and the U.S.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406955

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2

Digitale Medien

An expert system for water quality modelling (1992)

Booty, W. G. ; Lam, D. C. L. ; Bobba, A. G. ; [weitere]

Springer

Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 1-18

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ISSN: 1573-2959

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract The RAISON-micro (Regional Analysis by Intelligent System ON a micro-computer) expert system is being used to predict the effects of mine effluents on receiving waters in Ontario. The potential of this system to assist regulatory agencies and mining industries to define more acceptable effluent limits was shown in an initial study. This system has been further developed so that the expert system helps the model user choose the most appropriate model for a particular application from a hierarchy of models. The system currently contains seven models which range from steady state to time dependent models, for both conservative and nonconservative substances in rivers and lakes. The menu driven expert system prompts the model user for information such as the nature of the receiving water system, the type of effluent being considered, and the range of background data available for use as input to the models. The system can also be used to determine the nature of the environmental conditions at the site which are not available in the textual information database, such as the components of river flow. Applications of the water quality expert system are presented for representative mine sites in the Timmins area of Ontario.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406949

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Digitale Medien

A knowledge-based approach to regional acidification modelling (1992)

Lam, D. C. L. ; Wong, I. ; Swayne, D. A. ; [weitere]

Springer

Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 83-97

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ISSN: 1573-2959

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract Data from over 2000 stations and knowledge from experts on atmospheric transport, soil geochemistry, lake chemistry, wetland processes and acidification modelling were assembled in an expert system. The data were grouped by aggregates of tertiary watersheds based on water chemistry knowledge. A set of expert rules was used to determine which of six existing models was most appropriate for a given set of data. Comparison of computed and observed alkalinity indicated median relative errors from 11.3–17.9%, with regression slopes ranging from 0.91–1.18 and regression coefficients between 0.82 and 0.99. The expert model performance was further confirmed with paleolimnological data and other independent sets of data. The sensitivity of the predicted alkalinity was illustrated by changing some of the rules. Given that the rules were acceptable by experts and produced reasonable agreement with observations, the knowledge-based system seemed a viable approach to the impact assessment of acidic deposition.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406954

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