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  • Articles  (27)
  • 1990-1994  (27)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large stable second-harmonic coefficients in an azo-dye attached polymer oriented by corona poling (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 4273-4275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Second-harmonic generation and spectroscopic absorption measurements were made over a 15-month period to study the nonlinear-optical thin-film properties of an azo-dye attached polymer in which the dye chromophores were oriented by corona poling. Stable, resonance-enhanced values of the nonlinear optical coefficient d33 for the fundamental of 1.064 μm were as high as 68 pm/V. The stabilized order parameter, calculated from absorbance measurements, was found to be 0.51 for the chromophores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355969
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moment tensor inversion of local earthquake data—I. Investigation of the method and its numerical stability with model calculations (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two methods for moment tensor inversion of waveform data (Sipkin 1982) are examined for applicability to high-frequency near-source data. This study focuses on two subjects, namely the numerical aspects of the inversion method and the various kinds of assumptions being made from the theory.It is shown that the moment tensor inversion methods are theoretically unstable if only far-field SH seismograms are used due to dependencies and vanishing of different Green's functions. Additional instabilities are found even for the P–SV problem, which are caused by numerical effects. In order to remove these problems the inversion methods are modified by a damped least-squares algorithm, estimating the useful range of damping parameters from singular value analysis.Numerical tests are performed on synthetic near-source data with simulated traveltime errors assuming a wrong source location or misidentification of phases. Bias from extended sources with directivity is investigated. It is concluded that the modified inversion method is robust with respect to such data sets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03894.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moment tensor inversion of local earthquake data—II. Application to aftershocks of the May 1980 Mammoth Lakes earthquakes (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Near-source data were collected by the USGS from the Mammoth Lakes earthquakes aftershock sequence in May/June 1980. This data set was used to perform moment tensor inversions for events where recordings existed at more than 10 stations. Since 1-D reflectivity modelling was used for calculating the appropriate Green's functions, the 10 station constraint was imposed to try to minimize the influence of complex structure in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera. Due to these constraints only relatively strong events in the magnitude range 3.5 ≤ML≤ 4.5 were studied.The moment tensors from the inversions indicate that in almost all cases only the m2 or (M12) component was significantly excited. This type of moment tensor corresponds to a pure vertical strike–slip mechanism striking north with left-lateral movement. This result is in good agreement with results by Lide & Ryall (1985), who found hypocentre lineations for the aftershocks on N–S extending zones. They are also similar to the mechanisms initially proposed for the four ML= 6 mainshocks by other investigators as well as consistent with the composite fault plane solution of Archuleta et al. (1982) and cannot be interpreted in terms of a CLVD mechanism for dike injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03895.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative surface analysis of coated materials by SNMS (1990)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 101 (1990), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: quantitative surface analysis ; SNMS ; quantification ; calibration standards ; coated materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A great number of coating techniques and coating materials have been developed and are in practical use. To meet all requirements in quality of technical coating systems methods of quality control and quality assurance are essential. In connection with the production of coated steel secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) can be looked upon as a new tool for further approach. The investigations reported started with the determination of sputter erosion rates and experiments with calibration standards produced by vacuum coating. For the quantification of SNMS signals the relative sensitivity factors of all elements in question must be known. The use of complex composed reference materials for this purpose may lead to wrong results. That is due to matrix effects and occurs also for the determination of sensitivity factors for elements at low contents. Therefore the production of reference materials by pressing of metallic and oxidic powders was proposed and tested. The experiments described have proved the applicability of pressed samples for the determination of sensitivity factors, for the investigation of oxides, nitrides and carbides, and for the analysis of chips and dusts by SNMS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244163
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of surface structure on surface analytical statements (1992)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 107 (1992), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: depth profile analysis ; surface roughness ; SNMS ; GDOS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of surface structure of technical materials on results and statements of surface analytical methods has been investigated. Especially surface roughness as a typical property of rolled products has been observed. For this purpose samples of steel (technical surface, roughness up to 5 μm) and silicon wafers (polished surface) have been analyzed by SNMS and GDOS in order to get information about changes of the surface roughness as function of the sputtering time and their influence on the statements about the depth profiles obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244470
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tax competition in a Bertrand model (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 59 (1994), S. 193-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We show that in Bertrand models pure-strategy equilibria exist only under extraordinarily restrictive assumptions. We analyze tax competition between two countries for foreign investment. In the symmetric case of equal gross profits of the firms, zero-taxation is the unique equilibrium in pure strategies. If gross profits differ between countries only ∈-equilibria can exist. However, if the tax rate applies to foreign investment as well as to domestic sources no equilibria exist in pure strategies. The same holds true if countries compete for firms that differ in gross profit opportunities, unless extremely unrealistic conditions are met.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01238969
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyarylenes and Poly(arylenevinylene)s, V. Synthesis of Tetraalkyl-Substituted Oligo(1,4-naphthylene)s and Cyclization to Soluble Oligo(peri-naphthylene)s2) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2091-2100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Perylene ; Terrylene ; Quaterrylene ; Oligorylenes ; Oligo(1,4-naphthylene)s ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A homologous series of oligo(1,4-naphthylene)s from the binaphthyl 6 to the sexinaphthylene derivative 10 were synthesized successively. The Pd(O)-catalyzed reaction between aryl bromides and arylboronic acids was used as a coupling method. By appropriate choice of the stoichiometry, the method allowed isolation of the intermediates 20 and 21. Under the influence of potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane the 1,4-bridged naphthylenes 6 - 10 were partially cyclized to perylene and terrylene units. This anionic cyclization displayed a high regioselectivity. Complete cyclization to the oligorylenes 3b, 4b and 5b was achieved under the influence of AlCl3 and CuCl2 on the bichromophoric systems 24, 25 and 28. The synthetic sequence allowed substitution by tert-butyl groups, so that the oligorylenes 2b, 3b, 4b and 5b were amenable to spectroscopic investigations. The trends in absorption maxima and fluorescence are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240935
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) and total iron with 2,4,6-TRI(2′-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine in iron ores and related industrial products (1993)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 346 (1993), S. 667-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The complexing of Fe(II) with 2,4,6-tri(2'-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine in the presence of Fe(III) represents a rapid alternative to the usual methods and provides good sensitivity. The results show that this method can also be used with very different Fe(II) or Fe(III) contents. The application described for the automatic determination of Fe(II) in ores and sinter with the continuous flow technique shows that this method can also be used in connection with automated systems. However, particular attention must be paid here to the fact that the working conditions have to be optimised for each matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321268
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in analytical chemistry corresponding to the stage of industrial development (1990)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 337 (1990), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The industrial application of analytical chemistry is characterized by its mutual dependence on the stage of technical development. This relation and the changes that have taken place during the last 150 years are demonstrated by way of examples. At the beginning of this period analytical chemistry had only to serve as supplier of analytical data for the investigation of chemical systems, and today at the end of the time observed a great variety of analytical methods produce and supply in special fields most of the information for control and regulation systems of technical processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical Chemistry — today's definition and interpretation (1992)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 343 (1992), S. 821-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusion Analytical Chemistry is the application of principles of analytical measurement to generate information about chemical systems or to solve chemical problems as well. That means that Analytical Chemistry, as defined above as a multidiscipline, is from a philosophical point of view an information science, and from an applied pragmatic point of view a problem solving science [8]. It must be stated that there is a steady increase of the importance of analytics, and that Analytical Chemistry is never finalized regarding e.g. problems on earth such as the nutrition problem, the exploration of new sources of energy and raw materials, the support of the introduction of new technologies and the development of medical care and, last but not least, the dispassionate control of the environment. When speaking about “hi-fi” and “high-tech” as expressions of the highest level of technological development, the term “high-QA” for high-quality analytics or Analytical Chemistry can be used when characterizing the state-of-the-art and future developments in Analytical Chemistry [9]. These facts give the Analytical Chemist identity and demonstrate that he is not only a (poor) information gatherer but possesses, as the controlling conscience, a high responsibility to the general public because his results serve their direct interests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328564
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