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  • Articles  (151)
  • 1990-1994  (151)
  • Physics  (151)
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  • Articles  (151)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 356 (1992), S. 659-660 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A WIDE variety of ultra-selfish genetic elements dwell within the genomes of certain organisms - elements which, for instance, disrupt meiosis and distort sex allocation, and generally propagate themselves at a cost to the host genome1. Their distribution has traditionally been considered to be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1992-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 7918-7925 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4795-4801 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The authors report time-resolved measurements of the emission of positive and negative charge from Si and Ge surfaces irradiated with 248-nm KrF excimer laser pulses. With pulse energies both below and above the melting threshold, the time evolution of the emission currents is complex and strikingly different for Si and Ge. The positive ion emission signal from Ge persists only for the duration of the laser pulse (〈60 ns), but in sharp contrast, the signal from Si continues for several microseconds. A tentative suggestion is made that the positive ions encounter a Knudsen layer created just above the surface of the Si target. More refined experiments, coupled with a theoretical effort, are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4881-4883 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new operating mode has been discovered in transverse magnetoresistive (MR) memory cells which increases the usable nondestructive sense output by more than a factor of 4 over the original mode described, which employed a unipolar word field. The new mode allows for increased cell density, decreased memory access time, and increased margins. This new operating mode was examined experimentally and analytically for experimental cells ranging in size from 1.5×5 μm to 1.8×18 μm. The MR material used in the cells consisted of two 150-A(ring)-thick magnetic layers (65% Ni, 15% Fe, 20% Co) separated by a 50-A(ring)-thick reacted tantalum layer to break the exchange. In the new operating mode, a word field of one polarity is used for writing (parallel to the edge magnetization) and a reversed polarity is used for reading. During the reading process, 120°–225° paired "walls'' are formed at the edges. The energy in the walls is sufficient to restore the elements to their original states even if switching occurs (in a direction opposite to the normal rotation during writing). The operating margins are improved because while reading only one and not both the word field and the sense field are in a direction to cause normal switching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 3940-3949 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multiresonant coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy is performed with three tunable lasers on perylene doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Sharp vibronic features can be observed in vibronic scans at constant energy from the parent electronic transition when resonance is established within the inhomogeneously broadened electronic band. These features are attributed to the nonlinear line narrowing predicted by Ouellette and Denariez-Roberge for a higher order saturated coherent anti-Stokes Raman process since line narrowing should be absent for four wave mixing coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the features are sharply dependent on the presence of a simultaneous vibrational resonance as is also predicted by the higher order coherent anti-Stokes Raman model. Excited state coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with resonance enhancement from higher singlet states does not contribute to the narrow features since such a process would not have vibrational resonances. Conventional two laser coherent anti-Stokes Raman shows only a weak line at the vibronic transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 1479-1486 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Line narrowing of perylene vibronic transitions in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) samples has been demonstrated using multiply enhanced nonparametric spectroscopy. Three lasers are used to generate a four wave mixing signal that is resonantly enhanced by three simultaneous perylene resonances involving a vibrational state, a vibrationless excited electronic state, and a vibronic state of the excited electronic state. There is a correlation between the position of the electronic and vibronic states within the inhomogeneously broadened absorption spectrum. The correlation can be used to achieve line narrowing by fixing one of the resonances to a subset of perylene sites within the inhomogeneous profile so the other resonance of those sites will be selectively enhanced. The position of the line narrowed vibronic peaks depends upon the electronic detuning from the center of the inhomogeneously broadened absorption band as different sites within the band are probed. Excited state coherent processes involving resonance with higher singlet states are shown to be unimportant from the detuning dependence on a simultaneous vibrational enhancement.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 7625-7633 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unavoidable beam crossings within a spherical-mirror, multipass stimulated Raman gain cell give rise simultaneously to forward- and backward-scattering Raman signals. In the Doppler-broadened/Dicke-narrowed regime of density, the lineshape is a function of the momentum transfer in the scattering process and thus the observed spectra will have more complex lineshapes than those seen with simple forward or backward scattering geometries. The analyses necessary to quantitatively account for such forward–backward spectra are summarized. These spectra enable unique experimental tests of the lineshape functions used for the description of the Raman Q-branch spectrum under conditions where Doppler contributions and Dicke narrowing are significant. Results for the D2@B:D2 and D2@B:He systems support the well-known Galatry, or soft collision, lineshape function. However, in the case of D2@B:Ar, our results suggest the need to employ the more general, complex soft collision function. In addition, these studies have provided data on linear-with-density line broadening coefficients (previously published) and line shifting coefficients (reported here) for these molecular systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 2564-2567 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Emission spectra indicating transient clusters in a supersonic nitrogen discharge are presented. Select spectral bands are attributed to emission from N2(C 3Πu,v'=0,1)–N2(X 1Σg+). The cluster transitions manifest as blue-degraded, blue-shifted sidebands of the second positive group due to emission from N2(C 3Πu). Results and significance concerning these previously undiscovered nitrogen clusters are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2968-2974 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The ability to produce high quality films in an electron cyclotron resonance reactor is dependent on the gas distribution system. In an effort to understand gas distribution effects, a variety of gas ring injection systems were implemented during silicon nitride growth. Film refractive index, uniformity, and stress were used to gauge each gas distribution system. As a result, we have demonstrated that evenly distributed gas injection systems are the most desirable producing uniform films. Film thickness uniformity was significantly influenced by the design of the gas ring as well as the gas flow. Theoretical models supported the observed results and identified desirable properties for gas ring distribution systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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