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  • 1
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    Video Guidance Sensor for automated capture (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The paper describes a video-based sensor, the Video Guidance Sensor, which has been developed for use in automated docking systems or for automated capture with robotic systems. The sensor itself consists of several basic components: IR diode illuminators, a solid-state camera, a frame grabber, and a microprocessor. The target consists of three circular retroreflectors evenly spaced in a line with the middle reflector mounted on a short pole. Each retroreflector has a narrow bandpass optical filter in front of it. From this sensor and target configuration, the positions and attitudes of the target relative to the sensor can be determined. The position information can be differenced to with respect to time in order to obtain the relative positional and angular velocities. That information is sufficient to perform automated docking, berthing, or capture. The paper gives details of the sensor's make-up, including accuracies, noise characteristics, and operating ranges.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1389
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A compact Dopplergraph/magnetograph suitable for space-based measurements of solar oscillations and magnetic fields (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A compact Dopplergraph/magnetograph placed in a continuous solar-viewing orbit will allow us to make major advancements in our understanding of solar internal structure and dynamics. An international program is currently being conducted at JPL and Mt. Wilson to develop such an instrument. By combining a unique magneto-optical resonance filter with CID and CCD cameras we have been able to obtain full- and partial-disk Dopplergrams and magnetograms. Time series of the velocity images are converted into k-omega power spectra which show clear- the solar nonradial p-mode oscilations. Magnetograms suitable for studying the long-term evolution of solar active regions have also been obtained with this instrument. A flight instrument based on this concept is being studied for possible inclusion in the SOHO mission.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 8 19
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  • 3
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    Surface roughness considerations for atmospheric correction of ocean color sensors. I - The Rayleigh-scattering component. II - Error in the retrieved water-leaving radiance (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The first step in the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) atmospheric-correction algorithm is the computation of the Rayleigh-scattering (RS) contribution, L sub r, to the radiance leaving the top of the atmosphere over the ocean. In the present algorithm, L sub r is computed by assuming that the ocean surface is flat. Calculations of the radiance leaving an RS atmosphere overlying a rough Fresnel-reflecting ocean are presented to evaluate the radiance error caused by the flat-ocean assumption. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the error incurred when the CZCS-type algorithm is applied to a realistic ocean in which the surface is roughened by the wind. In situations where there is no direct sun glitter, it is concluded that the error induced by ignoring the Rayleigh-aerosol interaction is usually larger than that caused by ignoring the surface roughness. This suggests that, in refining algorithms for future sensors, more effort should be focused on dealing with the Rayleigh-aerosol interaction than on the roughness of the sea surface.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 31; 21 J
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  • 4
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    Calibration requirements and methodology for remote sensors viewing the ocean in the visible (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The calibration requirements for ocean-viewing sensors are outlined, and the present methods of effecting such calibration are described in detail. For future instruments it is suggested that provision be made for the sensor to view solar irradiance in diffuse reflection and that the moon be used as a source of diffuse light for monitoring the sensor stability.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 22; 103-126
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  • 5
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    Ocean color remote sensing systems - Radiometric requirements (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A methodology for specifying the radiometric requirements for ocean color remote sensing systems is described. Consideration is given to the noise equivalent radiance, the saturation radiance, the polarization sensitivity, and the calibration and stability. The degree of polarization across a scan line for the CZCS and MODIS orbits is presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Recent Advances in Sensors, Radiometry, and Data Processing for Remote Sensing; Apr 06, 1988 - Apr 08, 1988; Orlando, FL; United States
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