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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ausscheidung von Hollanditwhiskern in Aluminiumtitanatglaskeramiken (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 25 (1994), S. 490-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Precipitation of Hollandite Whiskers in Aluminum Titanate Glass CeramicsThe preparative chemical basis of the reinforcement of aluminum titanate ceramics via dissolution of whisker-shaped phases is established. Main emphasis is put on the non-silicate system Ba-Al-Ti-O, which contains the hollandite phase Ba1,23Al2.46Ti5.54O16. Such hollandite crystals are potential new ceramic whiskers for the purpose of reinforcing ceramics. In the case of tielite ceramics their preparation can be realized „in situ“ via a glass-ceramic-process, the final step of which beeing crystallization of the tielite-matrix. Thus a texture of high density, penetrated by whiskers, is obtained.
    Notes: Die präparativ-chemischen Voraussetzungen für eine Verstärkung von Aluminiumtitanatkeramiken durch innere Ausscheidung Whiskerförmiger Fremdphasen werden erarbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchunghen liegt bei dem nichtsilicatischen System Ba-Al-Ti-O. Hierin existiert die Hollanditphase Ba1,23Al2,46Ti5,54O16. Solche Hollanditkristalle stellen potentielle neue keramische whisker zum Zwecke der Verstärkung von Keramiken dar. Im Falle von Tialitkeramiken gelingt die Darstellung dieser Whisker „in situ“ auf dem Wege eines glaskeramischen Prozesses, dessen abschließender Schritt in der Kristallisation der Tialitmatrix besteht. Man erhält ein dichtes, whiskerdurchdrungenes Gefüge.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19940251210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic redox behavior of inert polymer layers filled with copper phthalocyanine pigmentFinancial support of this work by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and kind provision of CuPc by BASF AG is gratefully acknowledged. (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 3 (1991), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19910030710
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion experience with carbon steel in spray absorption FGD plant (1992)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 43 (1992), S. 310-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionserfahrungen mit Kohlenstoffstahl in Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen mit SprühabsorptionKohlenstoffstahl ist das herkömmliche Material für die Abgasleitungen und Schornsteine von Kesselanlagen. Die Einführung der Rauchgasentschwefelung in bestehende Kraftwerke erfordert beträchtliche Veränderungen im System zwischen Kessel und Schornstein. In der Anlage von Studstrupværk, die mit halbtrockener Absorption arbeitet, wurde Kohlenstoffstahl verwendet; hierdurch konnte ein Teil der vorhandenen Leitungen verwendet und auf teuere hochlegierte Werkstoffe und auf Beschichtungen verzichtet werden.Während des ersten Betriebsjahres ergab sich ein größeres Problem durch den Ausstoß kleiner Rostpartikel aus den Leitungen und dem Schornstein; zur Abhilfe wurden Korrosionsprüfungen im Laboratorium und im Betrieb vorgenommen, wobei sich zeigte, daß es sich um Korrosion unter Beteiligung von hygroskopische Chloride enthaltenden Ablagerungen handelte. Mit den Versuchen sollte weiterhin festgestellt werden, wo die kritische Feuchtigkeit für die Korrosion von Kohlenstoffstahl in solchen Anlagen liegt. Dabei wurden Entschwefelungsprodukte und Ablagerungen verwendet, die unter verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen und in verschiedenen Teilen des Kraftwerks entstanden waren. An die Laboratoriumsversuche wurden Betriebsversuche mit Korrosionssonden und Betriebskorrosionsversuche in der Anlage angeschlossen. Die dabei erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kohlenstoffstahl verwendet und seine Korrosion durch Verringern der Feuchtigkeit auf Werte unter 40% RF bei Süßwasser und um 30% RF bei Salzwasser sehr gering gehalten werden kann. In der Praxis wird das erreicht über die Einstellung der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Rauchgas und dessen adiabatischem Taupunkt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß Isolierung der Leitungen von größter Bedeutung ist, da die Feuchtigkeitsmessung auf die Oberflächentemperatur bezogen werden muß. Die in der Anlage erhaltenen Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, daß die Korrosion an kalten Stellen am stärksten ist.
    Notes: Carbon steel is the traditional material for boiler flue gas ducts and stacks. The introduction of flue gas desulphurisation systems in existing power plant units requires major changes in the flue gas system from boilers to the flue stack. In the semidry spray absorption plant at Studstrupværk power plant carbon steel has been used. This concept was chosen to utilize part of the existing carbon steel ducting and avoid the use of expensive high alloyed materials and coating systems.During the first year of operation emission of fine flakes of rust from the ducting and the stack become a major problem. To overcome this, corrosion testings were performed in laboratory and in the plant. The corrosion problems were found to be related to an atmospheric corrosion with hygroscopic chloride containing deposits. The aim of the tests was to establish the critical humidity for corrosion of carbon steel in FGD plant products and deposits. The examinations cover products and deposits from different operational conditions and parts of the Studstrupværk power plant. The laboratory tests were followed by corrosion probe tests in the plant and full scale operation tests with the plant.The results of this programme showed that carbon steel can be used and corrosion can be kept at a very low level by controlling the humidity of the flue gas below 40% RH with fresh water as process water and down to 30% RH with salt water as process water. In practice this has to be controlled by the temperature difference between the flue gas and the adiabatic saturation temperature of the flue gas.Effective insulation of the ducting has been found to be of outmost importance as the humidity should be measured relative to the surface temperature. Experience from the plant shows that the most severe corrosion is found in cold spots.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19920430612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic copolyimide membranes for high temperature gas separations: H2/CH4, H2/N2, and O2/N2 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1261-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of high-molecular weight condensation polyimides prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or 3,3,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) and/or 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (NA), and a series of high-molecular weight condensation poly(amide-imides) prepared from trimellitic anhydride acid chloride (TMAC) with ODA and/or NA were evaluated to determine, in the temperature region 50-250°C, the effect of polymer molecular structure on the permeability and ideal permselectivity of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and methane. Replacement of ODA with NA generally decreases the permeability of each gas but it increases the permselectivity, which is explained by suppression of both the packing disruption effect and intrasegmental mobility of the amine segments. In general, the overall lower permeation values for the TMAC series of polyimides are much lower than the BTDA-derived series, being the highest for the PMDA-derived series. Permeation data were used to calculate the performance of a hollow fiber module on an industrial scale. It is shown that hydrogen can be efficiently recovered (〉 90%) with a purity of at least 95% from ammonia synthesis off-gas with a feed concentration of 61 mol % of hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410534
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the bone reaction to three different titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite coated implants (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to three different types of titanium (Ti) alloys and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated titanium alloy by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. Therefore, implants made of these materials were inserted into the tibia of rabbits. Implantation times were 6 and 16 weeks. The histological evaluation included measurement of the amount of bone apposition and analysis of the bone reaction and interface characteristics around the implants. The results demonstrated no marked differences in bony reaction to the different implant materials. In addition, the HA coatings showed loss of thickness. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    118. Application of Zeolites to Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx in Industrial Flue Gases (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1229-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3306609119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histological and histomorphometrical investigation of fluorapatite, magnesiumwhitlockite, and hydroxylapatite plasma-sprayed coatings in goats (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings of fluorapatite (FA), magnesiumwhitlockite (MW), and hydroxylapatite (HA), and noncoated Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti) implants were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically in a goat animal study. Cylindrical Ti-6Al-4V plugs were plasma-spray-coated with FA, MW, and HA. Noncoated, gritblasted Ti plugs served as controls. The plugs were implanted into the right femur and left humerus of 20 adults goats. The results were evaluated using descriptive histology and histomorphometry. The histomorphometry consisted of measurements of bone apposition and coating thickness. The results demonstrated that FA showed a high amount of bone apposition without signs of degradation or dissolution. MW showed considerable reduction in thickness and at 12 weeks an adverse tissue reaction. However, at 25 weeks the amount of bone apposition was significantly increased compared with the 12-week implants. HA revealed considerable and progressive reduction in thickness and at 25 weeks a lower amount of bone apposition than FA and MW. At 12 weeks the Ti implants did reveal bone apposition, although frequently localized fibrous tissue was visible. At 25 weeks the Ti implants did not differ in bone apposition from the HA implants. Further studies are necessary on the effect of degradation or dissolution of HA on the compatibility with bone. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue reaction to soft-tissue anchored percutaneous implants in rabbits (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1047-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports on the soft-tissue response to titanium fiber mesh percutaneous implants. The implants were inserted in the backs of 15 rabbits. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps: implantation of the subcutaneous part of the implants and, after 3 months, fixation of the percutaneous part into the subcutaneous part. Two and 6 months after insertion the animals were sacrificed and the implants, with their surrounding tissues, were processed histologically. Light microscopic analysis demonstrated that only one implant showed considerable skin retraction in the percutaneous area. Around the rest of the implants no downgrowth or only a very limited epidermal downgrowth was observed. Furthermore, the fiber mesh material showed good biocompatible behavior. These results confirm the previous finding that sintered titanium fiberweb structures are effective for the stabilization of percutaneous devices located in soft tissues and can improve their performance. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280909
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histologic evaluation of the osseous adaptation to titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 973-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to obtain more information about the bone reaction to titanium and hydroxypatite (HA)-coated titanium implants during the first 3 months after implantation. Therefore, uncoated and coated implants were inserted into the tibia of rabbits for various implantation periods. The histological results demonstrated that although there were no marked differences in bony reaction at the cortical level to the different implant materials, HA-coating appeared to induce more bone formation in the medullary cavity. It was also noted, that 3 months after insertion loss of coating thickness had occurred.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250805
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histologic investigation of the biologic behavior of different hydroxyapatite plasma-sprayed coatings in rabbits (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 603-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate bone response to and biostability of three different hydroxyapatite (HA)-coatings. Therefore, coated and uncoated titanium implants were inserted into the tibia of rabbits. Implantation times were at 3 and 12 weeks. The histological evaluation included measurement of the amount of bone apposition to the various implant surfaces. The results demonstrated at 3 and 12 weeks no marked differences in bony reaction at the cortical level to the different implant materials. However, compared with the 3-week specimens, at 12 weeks extensive maturation of the woven bone callus had occurred. In addition, all 12-week implants induced bone formation in the medullary cavity. It was also noted that all HA-coatings showed loss of coating thickness. Quantitative determination of bone contact demonstrated that all 12-week implants showed the same high amount of bone apposition. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270507
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